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1、非谓语动词,petersogood,1. We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time. A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished,精析：for the work 指出动作逻辑主语，和finish之间是被动关系，所以答案D。,高考链接,2. - The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海) having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hanged,解析
2、：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。,高考链接,一、-ing/to作主语,Translate the following sentences into English. 1.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 _ to him is talking to a wall. 2.吸烟会致癌。 _ may cause cancer. 3.眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.,Talking,Smoking,常
3、用-ing形式作主语的句型有： 1. It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 2. It is/was no good/use/useless doing 做是没用的 3. It is/was worth doing 做值得的 4. There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 5. There is/was no point doing 做无意义 6. It is fun doing 做非常有趣 例如：和Tom争辩是没有什么用的。 _ with Tom,It is useless trying to argue,
4、注意1：it作形式主语情况,注意2：-ing和to做主语区别,1. 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作或已知、完成的事或者经验，不定式则通常表示具体的动作，未完成的事或目的。如： 1) 她觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。 She felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure 2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 _ in an American home will be a good experience for me.,visiting sick people,To be a guest,2. 逻辑主语形式不同： 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很担心
5、。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 2) 对我们来说学习数学太难了。,It is difficult for us to learn maths.,注意2：-ing和to做主语区别,二、doing/to do做宾语,只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，cannot help，imagine，mind，practise，cannot stand，fancy，feel like， admit, deny, allow, involve等 e.g. 我正考虑搬家到北京呢。 I
6、 am considering _ to Beijing.,moving,二、doing/to do做宾语,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词常考的有： hope, refuse, set out，manage, pretend, plan, afford, expect，determine, promise, arrange, decide,want, wish，demand，aim,ask, seem, appear，agree, volunteer, happen, choose, bother, fail, threaten等 1. The workers demanded to get be
7、tter pay. 2. 你安排好这周末见马克了吗？ _Mark this weekend?,Have you arranged to meet,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有： A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或 to do 差别不大 B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。,二、doing/to do做宾语,C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。 ing 表示做过，to do 表示没有做 D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如
8、try to do (试图，设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着),go on doing (继续未完之事)，go on to do(继续另外的事)。,二、doing/to do做宾语,注意1 . ing做介词宾语,Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. On hearing the news, he left immediately.,注意：下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay
9、attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to， adapt to, adjust to, be accustomed to,I have no idea about how to do it. I dont know what to expect in the future. 注意：it作形式宾语情况 I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her.,注意2. WH+to do 做宾语,注意： 不定式
10、用在介词but, except, 后作宾语时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go.,注意3： be +adj.+to do做宾语,be+afraid, sure, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready等构成的谓语后可加不定式to do做宾语 I am sure to finish the work on time. I am determined to give up
11、 smoking. 注意：情感形容词+to do，一般是原因状语 e.g. I am happy to help you.,1. -ing作表语时主语往往是事，表性质。 Her hobby is painting. The result is really pleasing. 2. -ed 作表语，表状态 She was very pleased with the result. The cup was broken. 3. 主语常常是表意向，打算，计划的词。如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, dream, aim等.常用to do 做表语。 My aim is
12、 to help the poor.,三、-ing/to do/-ed形式作表语,四、ing/to do/-ed形式作定语用法,1. 动名词做定语表作用或功能，分词表被修饰者的动作或状态 drinking water = water for drinking tiring music = music that is tiring The injured boy=the boy who is injured 2. 常考的不定式作定语的词有way,ability, chance, ambition, anxiety, attempt, belief或者由 only, last, next, 序数词
13、和adj.最高级 He has an ambition to be a pilot. He is the first to come and the last to leave. （to do 与主语必须是主谓关系，被动用-ed）,注意区别,1. The building to be built next year is our teaching building. 2. The building built last year is our teaching building. 3. The building being built now is our teaching building.
14、,1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表主动、进行 They heard him singing in the next room. 2. ed 作宾补，通常表被动与完成 With the work finished, we went back home. 3. to do 表示过程，或者将来 We saw him go up stairs. With a lot of work to do, I cant leave.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,1）with+宾语+doing With his mother helping him, he finished the worked soon.
15、 2) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window.,非谓语动词作宾补的情况,I wont have you doing that. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again. You wont catch me doing that again. Dont leave him playing alone.,3) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：,归纳：(3)表示“_”等意义的词，如：_等,4.）希望，愿望或要求 want, wish, like, expect, order He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. B. He ordered this work (to be) finished by tomorrow. C. They wish a bridge built in their home
