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1、2018高考英语专题-短文改错压轴题高分策略之错词一、考点规律分析短文改错中，错词所占比重最高，常占整篇短文改错10题中的的6个小题左右。错词的情况也最为复杂，常见的有：动词错误；名词错误；连词错误；冠词错误；形容词和副词错误；代词错误；非谓语动词常见错误；介词错误；习惯用法错误以及逻辑上的错误等。1. 动词的常见错误 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and前后动词时态不一致； 主谓不一致； 缺少动词，特别是be动词； 第三人称单数形式错用； 主动语态和被动语态错用。They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devo
2、te all my time to my studies.【答案】did改为doAs we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. ks5uks5uks5u【答案】visiting改为visited【思路分析】通读全句可知，句子的整个时态为一般过去时，有三个并列的谓语动词，分别为fed，visiting和told。很明显，并列连词and前后的动词时态应该保持一致，所以应该把visiting改为visited。 ks5uks5uks5uOne evening she told me that
3、 something happened when her parents was out.【答案】was改为were【思路分析】when引导的从句的主语是her parents，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式were。There will an important game next month.【答案】will后加be【思路分析】will是情态动词，不能单独作为谓语使用，需在will后边加上对应的谓语动词。在这里需要加上系动词be。【触类旁通】 情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), dare
4、(dared), need(needed), ought to等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语。2. 名词的常见错误 Ill get good marks in all my subject.【答案】subject改为subjects【思路分析】 subject作“学科”讲时，为可数名词。再根据前边的修饰语all可以得出，subject应该用复数形式。Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）【答案】knowledges改为knowledge
5、Their word were a great encouragement to me.【答案】word改为words【思路分析】 句子的谓语为复数形式were，所以主语应该用word的复数形式，words指的是“所说的话”。【名师点拨】名词的常见错误主要有：单复数名词错用；可数名词与不可数名词的区分；根据名词前面的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断名词的单复数形式。3. 连词错误I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.【答案】but改为and【思路分析】根据句意可知，teach them，play with them和wat
6、ch them growing up为并列关系，不存在转折的意思，所以应该把but改为and。ks5u【触类旁通】连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。主要包括：1. 表示转折：but，yet，while等；2. 表示选择：or，eitheror，neithernor，otherwise等；3. 表示联合：and，notonlybut also，when(=and just at this time就在这时)等；4. 表示因果：for，so等。You like tenni
7、s, while Id rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅讲得更正确，而且也更不费劲了。He told me to do it, so I did it. 他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。从属连词主要用来连接两个或两个以上的分句。主要包括：1. 引导时间状语从句：when， while，as，whenever，before，after，since
8、，until，till，as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，no soonerthan，hardlywhen等；2. 引导条件状语从句：if，unless，as/so long as，in case等； 3. 引导目的状语从句：in order that，so that，in case，for fear等；4. 引导结果状语从句：so that，sothat，suchthat等；5. 引导原因状语从句：because，as，since，now that等；6. 引导让步状语从句：although，though，even though/if，
9、while，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever等；7. 引导方式状语从句：as，like，as if/though等；8. 引导地点状语从句：where，wherever，everywhere等；9. 引导比较状语从句：than，asas等。 We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。Most men worked until/till theyre 65.
10、大多数男人工作到65岁。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记了，请提醒我一下。4. 冠词错误We may be one family and live under a same roof. 【答案】a 改为the【名师点拨】ks5uks5uKs5u.Com单数可数名词前用a还是an，由名词的第一个音节决定，第一个音节是元音，用an；第一个音节是辅音，用a。另外在平时的学习中，还要注意对含有a和the的固定搭配的用法的记忆。5. 形容词和副词错误Im sure well have a wonderfully time togethe
11、r. ks5uks5uks5uKS5U【答案】wonderfully改为wonderful【思路分析】time是名词，所以要用形容词wonderful修饰。My pronunciation was terribly.【答案】terribly改为terrible【思路分析】was为be动词，后跟形容词terrible。ks5uks5uks5uKS5U【名师点拨】(1) 系动词后用形容词：be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel等；(2) 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰实义动词和形容词。6. 代词错误Soon I began to enj
12、oy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. 【答案】me改为myselfEach of them learned to work for his team and not for him on the football field.【答案】him改为himself【思路分析】由句意可知，应该用反身代词himself。ks5uks5uKs5uWhats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care
13、 of him.【答案】him改为them【思路分析】your pupils为复数形式，应该用跟其对应的代词them。【名师点拨】代词错误一般有以下几种情况：(1) 代词的主格和宾格：I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us ;they/them；(2) 反身代词：myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves；(3) 代词的单数和复数。7. 非谓语动词的常见错误Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. 【答案】talk改为talking【思路分析】e
14、njoy后需跟动名词形式。But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.【答案】go改为going【思路分析】going to the college作think引导的宾语从句的主语。Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.【答案】read改为reading【思路分析】the habit of是固定搭配，后跟动名词，意思是“的习惯”。【名师点拨】非谓语动词错误常包括以下几种情况
15、：(1) 不定式、动名词作主语或宾语；(2) and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）；(3) 介词后用动名词形式作宾语；(4) 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。8. 介词错误There are too many people among my family. 【答案】among改为in【名师点拨】短文改错中介词错误通常包括：词组中介词的误用以及由于理解错误而造成的介词错用。考生除了要准确把握介词的用法外，也要准确记忆固定搭配中的介词的用法。ks5uks5uKs5u.Com9. 习惯用法错误主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and of【答案】for改为of【思路分析】it is kind of sb. to do sth.是习惯搭配，意思是“某人做某事很友善。”【名师点拨】习惯用法在短文改错中的错误主要考查的是对英语中习惯
