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1、倒 装,定义 英语句子的自然语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。,倒 装,分类 分为全部倒装和部分倒装： 谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装； 只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。,倒装原因 一、 语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）； 二、为了强调； 三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔接。,全部倒装 （谓语全部放在主语之前） 此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,1.there be句型。 其中be动词有时可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等词代替。（全
2、部倒装） 1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.,2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主语是名词。为以示强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全
3、部倒装。（全部倒装） 1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. 注意： 主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。 Away they went. (=They went away.),3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。 （全部倒装） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom. 注意： 主语是代词时，不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.,4.为了句
4、子结构平衡的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接，有时将状语提前。（全部倒装） 1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.,5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。（全部倒装） 1）Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens. 2）Gone are the
5、 days when we are enslaved. 6.such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。（全部倒装） 1）Such was not his intention. 2）Such are the facts.,部分倒装 部分倒装把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前 1.用于疑问句。（部分倒装） 1）Shall everything be ready before you arrive? 2） What can I do for you? 注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。 1） Who can work it out? 2） How many students hav
6、e read this book?,2.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should / were / had 置于句首。（部分倒装） 1)Had I not adopted my teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake. 2) Should I earn money, I should live better.,3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。(部分倒装) 1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you
7、 wont go, neither will I. 注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不倒装。 1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.,4. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan
8、, many a time, often 等。 （部分倒装） 1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known. 2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship. 3)Not a single mistake did he make.,1. (2012辽宁高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago_ having a holiday
9、abroad. A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider 【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意:直到三年前他从教育行业退休,他才考虑出国度假。Not until位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。故排除答案A和C。又因为题干中的three years ago提示要用一般过去时,故选D。,【高考链接】,2.（2011福建高考）Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink! Im glad you like it. A. I have had B. I
10、had C. have I had D. had I 【解析】选C。考查部分倒装。句意：太好了。我以前从没喝过如此特别的饮料！我很高兴你喜欢它。表示否定意义的词，如：never, hardly, no, not等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。而本题所考查的时态是强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故选C。,注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装 I have never seen such a performance. 注意2： 如否定词不在句首不倒装 1) Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer. 2) Neithe
11、r did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.,5.only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。（部分倒装） 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.,1. (2014湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships w
12、ith others. A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep 【解析】选A。考查倒装。句意:只有当你在内心中找到和平,你才能与他人建立起良好的关系。题干为only+状语(从句)位于句首所引起的倒装,主句应用部分倒装结构,且根据语境,此处表将来的情况,故应用将来时态。,【高考链接】,2.（2011湖南高考）Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision. A. they reached B. did they reach C
13、. they reach D. do they reach 【解析】选B。考查倒装结构。句意：讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。“Only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句的主谓要进行部分倒装，即可排除A、C两项。根据前面的过去完成时态，这里要用一般过去时。故选B。,6.“so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。（部分倒装） 1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all. 2）Such a lovely child is he tha
14、t all of us love him.,7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+ as/though的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装） 1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us. 2)Child as he is, he knows a lot. 3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.,8.方式副词well或频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及then开头的句子。(部分倒装) 1)Often did I r
15、emind him not to do that. 2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.,9.在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句型中, 前面的句子要部分倒装。 1）No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. 2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 注意: not onlybut also, neithernor连接两个主语时不倒装 Not only
16、 he but also I went to the park.,10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部倒装) 1）May you succeed / be happy! 2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,1.(2014大纲版全国卷)_the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only not do D.Not only do 【解析】选D。考查倒装结构。句意:护士们不仅想涨工资,而且还想减少工作时间。根据句意和句子结构可知,逗号前面是not only位于句首构成的倒装句。not only位于句首引导句子时,用部分倒装,即把助动词放在主语前面。,【高考链接】,2.(2
