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1、1 第四章第四章第四章第四章 企业物流运作企业物流运作企业物流运作企业物流运作 一、概述一、概述一、概述一、概述 1 1、企业物流运作过程、企业物流运作过程 原材料原材料原材料原材料生产生产生产生产 存储存储存储存储配送配送配送配送 2 2、企业物流运作活动、企业物流运作活动、企业物流运作活动、企业物流运作活动 正正 向向 物物 流流 供应供应供应供应物流物流物流物流生产生产生产生产物流物流物流物流销售物流销售物流销售物流销售物流 原材料原材料 进料进料制造加工制造加工 成品配送成品配送售后服务售后服务 回收物流回收物流回收物流回收物流 逆向物流逆向物流逆向物流逆向物流 采购 进料运输 原料仓
2、储 供料搬运 生产在线 流动 调拨运输、检取搬 运、成品储存、配 送流通、保管分类 零配件补充 退货处理 废弃物回收 创造商品本身价值创造商品本身价值维护与提供商品被使用价值维护与提供商品被使用价值 价 值 创 造 3 3、企业物流网络系统、企业物流网络系统、企业物流网络系统、企业物流网络系统 Supply 供应 Sources: 来源： Plants 工厂 Vendors 供货商 Ports 港口 Regional Warehouses: 地区仓库 stocking Points 仓储点 Field 实地仓库 Warehouses: Stocking 仓储点 points Productio
3、n/ purchase Costs 生产/采购成本 Inventory Order Variability is amplified up the supply chain; upstream echelons face higher variability.upstream echelons face higher variability. 定货量波动幅度随供应链上行而放大；上游环节面定货量波动幅度随供应链上行而放大；上游环节面 临的波动更临的波动更大大 ? ?What you see is not what they face.What you see is not what they f
4、ace. 你所看到的并不是他们所面对的。你所看到的并不是他们所面对的。 The Dynamics of MarketsThe Dynamics of Markets Order Size 定货规模定货规模 Time 时间时间 Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需求 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需求 Retailer Orders 零售商定货零售商定货 Retailer Orders 零售商定货零售商定货 Distrib
5、utor Orders 分销商定货分销商定货 Distributor Orders 分销商定货分销商定货 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 What Management Gets.What Management Gets. Order Size 定货规模定货规模 Time 时间时间 Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需求 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需
6、求 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 What Management WantsWhat Management Wants Volumes 规模规模 Time 时间时间 Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 Production Plan 生产计划生产计划 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需求 Customer Demand 顾客需求顾客需求 基本研究工具
7、：基本研究工具：基本研究工具：基本研究工具： 博弈论博弈论博弈论博弈论Game TheoryGame Theory ? ? 囚徒困境囚徒困境(Prisoner(Prisoner s Dilemma)s Dilemma) 博弈结果：(3,3) 纳什均衡(Nash Equilibrium) 3,3 坦白 坦白 抵赖5,0 抵赖 0,5 1,1 甲 乙 ? ?Definition: Definition: 定义：定义：定义：定义： Supply Chain Management is primarily concerned with Supply Chain Management is primar
8、ily concerned with the efficient integration of suppliers, factories, the efficient integration of suppliers, factories, warehouses and stores so that merchandise is warehouses and stores so that merchandise is produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the produced and distributed in the
9、right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time, and so as to right locations and at the right time, and so as to minimize total system cost subject to satisfying service minimize total system cost subject to satisfying service requirements.requirements. 供应链管理主要内容是供应商、工厂、库房和存储的高供应链管理主
10、要内容是供应商、工厂、库房和存储的高 效集成，使得商品生产与分销有正确的数量、正确的地效集成，使得商品生产与分销有正确的数量、正确的地 点和正确的时机，尽量减少总系统成本，满足服务需点和正确的时机，尽量减少总系统成本，满足服务需 求。求。 供应链管理供应链管理供应链管理供应链管理Supply Chain Supply Chain ManagementManagement 5 SCM SCM An Integrated An Integrated ApproachApproach SCMSCM整体方法整体方法整体方法整体方法 ? ? SCMSCM包括包括 Strategic levelStrat
11、egic level 战略层次战略层次 Tactical levelTactical level 战术层次战术层次 Operational levelOperational level 生产层次生产层次 ? ? SCM minimizes SCM minimizes systemwidesystemwide costs includingcosts including SCMSCM使整个系统的成本最低，包括使整个系统的成本最低，包括 Procurement, transportation, production, distribution, Procurement, transportatio
12、n, production, distribution, inventory, inventory, 采购、运输、生产、分销、存货等采购、运输、生产、分销、存货等 Supply Chain Supply Chain ManagementManagement in a Manufacturing Plantin a Manufacturing Plant ReceivingReceiving andand InspectionInspection RawRaw Materials,Materials, Parts, andParts, and In In- -processprocess War
13、eWare- - HousingHousing ProductionProduction FinishedFinished GoodsGoods WareWare- - housinghousing Inspection,Inspection, Packaging,Packaging, AndAnd ShippingShipping Suppliers Customers Materials Management Purchasing Production Control Warehousing and Inventory Control Shipping and Traffic Physic
14、al materials flowPhysical materials flow Information flowInformation flow National Semiconductors, National Semiconductors, Supply Chain, 1996Supply Chain, 1996 Wafer Fabrication Portland Salt Lake City Midget Haemek Santa Clara Arlington Greenock Assembly & Testing Cebu Malacca Penang Bangkok Toa P
15、ayoh Prime Distribution Center Swindon Portland Santa Clara Tokyo Hong Kong National Semiconductors, National Semiconductors, Improved Supply Chain, Improved Supply Chain, 19981998 Wafer Fabrication Portland Salt Lake City Midget Haemek Santa Clara Arlington Greenock Assembly & Testing Cebu Malacca
16、Penang Bangkok Toa Payoh Prime Distribution Center Singapore 相关重要概念相关重要概念相关重要概念相关重要概念TQMTQM ?全面质量管理全面质量管理TQMTQM “ “ Management approach of an Management approach of an organization, centered on quality, organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long term members and aiming at long term success through customer satisfaction, success through customer satisfaction, and benefit
