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1、太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 粉煤灰处理矿井水中硫酸盐及总硬度去除效果的试验研究 姓名：闫荣荣 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：杨云龙 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 粉煤灰处理矿井水中硫酸盐及总硬度去除效果的试验研究 粉煤灰处理矿井水中硫酸盐及总硬度去除效果的试验研究 摘 要 煤炭矿井水是由煤炭开采过程中所有渗入井下采煤空间的水。 这种经过 井下各巷道集中至井下水仓后排至地面。这种与煤层伴生的矿井排水，原 本属于地下水的性质，但在采煤过程中由于煤粉和岩尘的混入，同时会受 到人为的污染等，因此它已失去其原来地下水的物理性状，研究表明：矿 井废水经絮凝、吸附、沉淀一套组合工艺能够有效地降
2、低废水中的硫酸根 和总硬度，并使之达到国家生活饮用水水质标准 。 针对山西省矿井水普遍矿化度高的特点，本课题对高矿化度矿井水进 行了试验研究。在查阅大量资料后，对国内外常用的矿井水处理方法进行 了对比，考虑到山西资源丰富且经济落后的现状，决定采用传统的混凝、 沉淀、过滤的方法处理矿井水。目前用于含高 SO42-和总硬度矿井水处理的 方法费用普遍偏高，而利用废弃物粉煤灰来处理矿井水，可以达到以废 治废的目的，但普通粉煤灰的混凝效果和吸附容量不高，处理废水的能力 所到限制，因此本课题通过对粉煤灰进行改性制备粉煤灰混凝剂，从而进 一步提高了粉煤灰的混凝性能和吸附性。本试验利用现有设备和药剂采用 四种
3、不同方法制备了四种粉煤灰混凝剂，即药剂 a、药剂 b、药剂 c 和药剂 d。其中药剂 c（将粉煤灰用 NaCl 和 Na2CO3活化并用酸浸取）对矿井水废水 处理效果最好。本文主要是对粉煤灰混凝剂去除水溶液中的硫酸根和总硬 度效果进行研究。首先确定了药剂 c 使用范围，然后探讨了在使用范围内 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 为去除水中硫酸根和总硬度对粉煤灰改性后最佳的絮凝剂投加量、pH、温 度、PAM 投加量、中速搅拌速率、中速搅拌时间、Ca(OH)2投加量、Na2CO3 投加量等对絮凝效果的影响。 试验结果表明：SO4 2-=400mg/L 最佳反应条件为：絮凝剂投加量为 40 ml/
4、L、pH=12、温度 T=30、PAM 投加量为 2 mg/L、高速搅拌 1=300 r/min t1=1min、中速搅拌 2=200r/min t2=3min、低速搅拌 3=80r/min t3=20min、 静沉t4=5h、 Ca(OH)2的投加量为2.5g/L和Na2CO3投加量为0.7g/L。 SO4 2-=500mg/L 最佳反应条件为：絮凝剂投加量为 50 ml/L、pH=12、 温度 T=30、PAM 投加量为 3 mg/L、高速搅拌 1=300 r/min t1=1min、 中速搅拌 2=200r/min t2=3min、低速搅拌 3=80r/min t3=20min、静沉 t
5、4=5h、Ca(OH)2的投加量为 3.0g/L 和 Na2CO3投加量为 0.7g/L。 最后，模拟潞安漳村煤矿矿井水水质配制试验水样，选择适宜的试验 工艺流程通过动态试验进行验证。 硫酸根的浓度由原水中的 353.56mg/L 左 右降低为 176.74mg/L， 去除率可达 50.0%， 总硬度的原水浓度为 695.92mg/L 左右，通过动态试验后的处理效果为总硬度可降低为 322.63mg/L 左右，去 除率可达 46.5%。 因此， 动态试验对 SO4 2-和总硬度的去除效果同样能够达到 生活饮用水的水质标准。 因此，可以得出以下结论：新型粉煤灰混凝剂立足于以废治废的基础 之上，在
6、处理矿井水方面，效果好、价格低，是适合山西省技术经济情况 的一种有效的水处理药剂，值得推广和应用。 关键词：矿井废水，粉煤灰混凝剂，硫酸根,总硬度 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REMOVAL EFFECT OF SULFATE RADICAL AND HARDNESS IN MINE WASTEWATER ABSTRACT Mine wastewater was produced in the coal mining process which permeating into the mine shaft. This kind of wa
7、ter is discharged to the grund from the mine shaft. This kind of water is discharged which is associatted with the coal and it belongs to the nature of ground water originally. But because of pulverized coal dust and rock mix and artificially pollution at the same time, it has lost its original phys
8、ical properties of groundwater and it is included in the areas of sewage and waste.It had been demonstrated that adopting the assembled processes included flocculation, adsorption and Precipitation could effectively reduce sulfate radical and hardness of mine wastewater effluent, and made it reach t
9、he potable water standard. In this research, the paper does some test on mine wastewater with high degree of mineralization for the characteristics that Shanxi mine waste water have high degree of mineralization. After consulting a source, mine wastewater 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV treatment methods commonl
10、y used at home and abroad awere compared, in consideration of the fact that Shanxi province is rich in resources and backward in economic, the paper is using traditional coagulation, sedimention and filtration methods to treat the mine wastewater. Currently，the mine water treatment costs of the meth
11、od used for high SO42-and total hardness are rather high, and the use of waste - fly ash to deal with mine water can be achieved in order to rule the purpose of waste. But the ordinary fly coagulation effects and adsorption capacity is not high,and the capacity of wastewater treatment is limit.So th
12、is issue through the preparation of modified fly ash to fly ash coagulant in order to further improve the performance of fly ash and the adsorption of coagulation. The experiment use existing equipment to prepar four fly ash coagulants with four different methods. Namely, the agent a, agent b, agent
13、 c and agent d. Pharmacy agent c (the fly ash activated by NaCl and Na2CO3 and acid leaching) for the mine waste water treatment works best. In this paper, the aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of the use of fly ash flocculants in the removal of sulfate radical and total hardness c
14、ontained in aqueous solution. Firstly,the experiment determine the scope of Pharmacy with agent C.Secondly,the optimum dose of sodium carbonate has been pursued to active the fly ash for the maximum removal of sulfate radical and total hardness. A series of batch test were conducted and the influenc
15、e of dosage of fly ash flocculants, pH ,temperature , dosage of PAM，Medium-speed stirring time， Medium-speed stirring intensity， dosage of Calcium hydroxide and dosage 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V of sodium carbonate were investigated. The capacity of fly ash without being modified is very limited in removal o
16、f sulfate radical and total hardness contained in aqueous solution. Fly ash flocculants Modified by sodium carbonate demonstrated more absorbing ability in flocculation. The experinental results showed that when the quantities of throwing fly ash flocculants agents were 40 ml/L, pH value was 12,the temperature was 30, the quantities of throwing PAM agents were 40 mg/L, high stirring velocity was 1=300r/min t1=1min, medium-speed stirring was 2=200r/min t2=3min, low stirri
