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1、河北大学 硕士学位论文 立法辩论制度研究本体、意义与设计 姓名：贾三文 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：法学理论 指导教师：石东波 20100601 摘 要 I 摘 要 在立法活动中,全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会发挥着重要作用。全国人民代表 大会及其常务委员会在几十年的发展过程中，制定了许多法律法规，涉及社会生活的各 个方面。法律法规虽然被制定了，但有些法律法规并没有被得到很好地实施。其中一个 很重要原因就是一些法律法规所涵盖的利益范围太过狭窄， 从而不能得到大多数利益团 体的拥护。 如何让制定的法律法规涵盖大多数利益团体的利益呢？答案是让各个利益团 体在立法过程中积极而充分地表达自己的利益，让这
2、些团体的利益融入到法律法规中。 这就需要在立法过程中引入辩论机制。 立法辩论制度就是将辩论机制引入立法过程中的 一种制度。 要想在我国的全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会中建立立法辩论制度， 就需要了解 立法辩论的内涵，特点和意义，还要了解这一制度的理论基础。理论基础为人们提供了 该制度存在的理由。若在我国建立立法辩论制度，可以借鉴西方国家的议会辩论制度， 该制度与立法辩论制度相关，在西方国家已有几百年的发展史。西方国家在议会辩论制 度方面的成功经验值得我们去借鉴。这些成功的经验有：有关主席主持议会辩论时应遵 循的规则、有关议员参加辩论时应遵循的规则以及国外议会辩论的类型等。这就需要运 用比较分析
3、的方法，将那些适合我国国情的经验引进过来。 在借鉴国外经验的基础上，还要结合我国已有的法律，尤其是与立法辩论制度有关 的法律法规。对于这些法律法规，要积极地吸收。这样才能充分利用各种制度资源，不 至于造成制度资源的浪费。 我国现有的有关立法的法律法规， 虽然有些与立法辩论有关， 但规定的不够具体和完善，有待细化和修改。在这些方面，罗伯特议事规则能给我国立 法辩论制度的设立提供支持。 该规则中的一些规定如有关动议的规定、 有关组织的规定、 有关处罚的规定等，值得我国去借鉴。改革和完善立法审议会议活动及其制度的设想可 以从人大代表制度、人大组织制度和人大会议制度这几个方面来考虑，而不是只针对某 一
4、方面的改进。这样设计的立法辩论制度才能使其作用得以更加充分地发挥。 关键词关键词 辩论 立法辩论 议会辩论 立法辩论制度 议会辩论制度 Abstract II Abstract In legislative activities, the National Peoples Congress and its Standing Committee play an important role. National Peoples Congress and its Standing Committee in the course of several decades of development, d
5、eveloped a number of laws and regulations related to all aspects of social life. Although laws are enacted, but some laws and regulations has not been well implemented. One of the most important reason is that the scope of interest that is covered by some laws and regulations is too narrow, so can n
6、ot get the supports of the majority of interest groups. How do laws and regulations cover the interests of the majority of the interest groups? The answer is to allow interest groups that act in the legislative process to fully express their own interests, and let the interests of these groups blend
7、 in the laws and regulations. This requires the introduction of the debate mechanism in the legislative process. The institutions of legislative debatement are the institutions that draw the debate mechanism into the legislative process. To the China National Peoples Congress and its Standing Commit
8、tee to create the institutions of legislative debatement, that need to understand the meaning, characteristics and significance of the legislative debatement, but also understand the theoretical bases of this institutions. Theoretical bases have provided reasons for the existence of the system. If y
9、ou want to establish the institutions of the legislative debatement in our country, you can draw lessons from the institutions of the parliamentary debatement in Western countries, the institutions is related to the institutions of legislative debatement ,and have centuries of history in the Western
10、 countries. Western countries successful experiences on the institutions of parliamentary debatement worth us to draw on. These successful experiences are: the rules that the president takes charge of parliamentary debatement should follow, the rules that members participate in the debate should fol
11、low, the types of foreign parliamentary debatement,etc. This requires the use of comparative analysis, bringing in those experiences that are suitable for our countrys national conditions. In the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experiences,and combining with our Abstract III existing laws, esp
12、ecially with the the laws and regulations relating to the institutions of legislative debatement. For these laws and regulations, we should actively absorb. So as to make full use of institutional resources, not cause the system a waste of institutional resources.The laws and regulations that are re
13、lated to legislation in our country, although some are related to the institutions of legislative debatement, but not state specifically and completely, should be refined and modified.In these areas, Roberts Rules of Order can support the establishment of the institutions of legislative debatement i
14、n our country . Some of the provisions of the rules, such as the provisions to the motions, the provisions to relevant organizations, the relevant provisions to punishment, etc., worth our country to learn from. Reforming and improving legislative review conference activities and the assumption for
15、its institutions can consider the impacts of Peoples Congress Institutions of representive, Peoples Congress Institutions of organization and Peoples Congress Institutions of meeting,not only for a certain improvements. The institutions of legislative debatement that are designed like that can bring
16、 their functions into fully play. Key Words Debatement Legislative Debatement Parliamentary Debatement Institutions of Legislative Debatement Institutions of Parliamentary Debatement 引 言 1 引 言 对立法辩论制度的研究和讨论可以促进立法学与经济学、 管理学以及其他学科的融 合，使立法学的理论基础更加深厚。随着立法辩论制度的引入，立法机关将会制定出更 符合社会团体利益的法律法规，进而为经济建设提供更好的法律保障，促进经济建设的 更好更快发展。 立法机关通过立法辩论制度制定的法律法规是社会各团体利益博弈的结 果，是符合社会发展要求的，这样的法律法规将更有利于社会的发展。 立法辩论制度在我国并没有建立，现在只是处于理论研究和实践探索阶段。我国的 传统文化以“和合”著称，但在历史上的每次变法中，也是充满新旧势力的对抗和辩论。 在我国孙中山首先对“议学”给予高度重视，他于 1917 年完
