《汽车随车起重机设计》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汽车随车起重机设计（45页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、摘 要6.3吨随车起重机属于架型起重机，它将起重和运输相结合，不仅节省劳动力，而且极大的减小了工作强度、提高了工作效率。本次毕业设计在6.3吨随车起重机上首次采用了伸缩臂型结构，并对起重机臂进行了优化设计。它具有结构紧凑、易于操作的特点，可广泛用于交通运输、港口、仓库、以及所有中小型工业货物装卸与远距离运输之中。本文主要内容如下：起升机构设计 起升机构包括液压马达、减速机、棘轮停止器和卷筒。减速机用来降低液压马达驱动速度，卷筒用于绕进或放出钢丝绳。机构工作时，液压马达驱动减速机，减速机的低速轴带动卷筒，将钢丝绳卷上或放出，经过滑轮组系统使载荷实现上升或下降，其升降由马达的旋转方向而定，通过棘轮
2、停止器实现制动。起重臂设计 起重臂采用伸缩式、箱形结构。箱形结构内装有伸缩油缸，臂的每个外节段内装有滑块支座，因此起重机的变幅可通过液压缸实现。为了减轻吊臂自重，充分发挥钢材的作用，吊臂的不同部位采用不同强度的钢材。回转机构设计 回转机构由回转支承装置和回转驱动装置组成。即一对脂润滑的回转支承装置、蜗轮旋杆减速机和液压马达。这种结构自重轻、受力合理、运行平稳，可以使机构在水平面内运输货物。 关键词: 随车起重机;起升机构;起重臂;回转机构;回转支承 Abstract6.3Truck Mounted Crane (abbreviation TMC) belongs to boom-Crane .
3、It combines the advantages .So it can greatly decrease labor intensity, increase working I use flexible boom in TMC for the first time and have a optimization design. This product has features of compact structure, easy operation. It is suitable for wide use in traffic transportantion,dock warehouse
4、 and all small-sized industries for goods loading loading and unloading and long distance transportation. Its main content includes the following aspects:The design for winch mechanism The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, reducer, ratchet wheel stop and winch drum.Reducer lowers the spee
5、d of hydraulic motor for driving the winch drum to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. When working, the motor drives reducer and bring along winch drum rotation, then the wire rope is wound or unwound ,the load will be lift or lowered through pulley block system. Lifting or lowering of the
6、load will be controlled by the rotation direction of the motor. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the motion of the drum, holding the load in the air.The design of boom The boom adopts flexible type and box-shaped structure.Cylinder bodies are fitted on the boom. There are slide supports at outside
7、s of every section of booms. The working range of TMC can outsides of every are fitted on the boom.There are slide supports at outsides of every section of booms. The working range of TMC can be realized by the extension or retraction of cylinder body. It uses different steel products in different p
8、ositions for decrcasing booms weight and fully developing steel products function.The design of swing mechanism Swing mechanism contains swing bearing and swing driver, the same is, no-oil lubricated bearings, worm-and-wheel steering gear and gydraulic motor. This structure has the advantages of lig
9、ht weight, reliable force on it and smooth action. It can make the load transported in the horizontal plane.Key words TruckMounted Crane ；winch mechanism；Boom ；swing mechanism；Swing bearing 目 录1 起升机构的设计11.1 起升机构的基本参数计算1 1.1.1传动方案 1 1.1.2基本参数的计算 11.2 钢丝绳的设计与选用 31.3 滑轮及滑轮组设计 4 1.3.1 选材与材料41.3.2 滑轮直径D
10、51.3.3 绳最大偏角51.3.4 滑轮轴设计51.3.5 滑轮轴承的设计与校核61.4 吊钩的设计与选用 6 1.4.1 选材6 1.4.2 构造6 1.4.3 吊钩挂架6 1.4.4 横梁61.5 卷筒设计 7 1.5.1 名义直径7 1.5.2 卷筒的长度7 1.5.3 卷筒厚度8 1.5.4 卷筒强度校核81.6 减速器设计 8 1.6.1 总传动比及其分配8 1.6.2 传动装置的运动参数计算8 1.6.3 齿轮设计9 1.6.4 棘轮设计15 1.6.5 轴的设计162 起重臂的设计252.1 三铰点设计252.2 起重臂设计26 2.2.1 起重臂基本参数计算与选用 26 2.
11、2.2 起重臂的形状及主要计算参数 273 回转机构的设计323.1 回转支承的选用32 3.1.1 简介 32 3.1.2 载荷计算 32 3.1.3 阻力矩计算 33 3.1.4 校核 34 3.1.5 回转减速机输出扭矩 343.2 回转减速器的选用353.3 支腿反力的计算36参考文献 37设计总结 38致谢 391起升机机构设计1.1 起升机构的基本参数计算1.1.1 传动方案 起升机构是起升货物并使它产生升降运动的机构，它是起重机中最主要和最基本的机构。本设计采用液压起升机构，简图如下所示：2357 78 6 61 11.高速油马达 2.一级闭式齿轮传动 3.棘轮停止器4.输出小齿
12、轮 5.开式大齿轮 6.卷筒 7.钢丝绳 8.吊钩油马达经过减速后，驱动滚筒旋转，使钢丝绳绕进卷筒或由卷筒放出，从而使吊钩升降。卷筒的正反向转动是通过改变马达的转向达到的，而机构运动的停止或使货物保持在悬吊状态是依靠棘轮停止器来实现的。1.1.2基本参数的计算(1)起升速度，由已知得(2)钢丝绳速度：V绳V升a：滑轮组倍率，a=6V绳126=72m/min(3)钢丝绳速度（按缠绕时第三层计算）：n卷V绳（D+4+d）=114.6r/minD：卷筒直径 d：钢丝绳直径(4)初步选定减速比为i26.18，则马达转速n马n卷i26.18114.6=3000r/min(5)卷筒扭矩（按最大计算）M卷SD9d2卷S：钢丝绳单绳拉力,取标准值11052.6N卷：卷筒的效率，0.98M卷11052.6(160+610)10-320.98=1410Nm(6)马达扭矩：M马=M卷(i)=卷轴承3开齿闭齿卷：卷筒效率, 0.98轴承：轴承传动效率, 0.99
