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1、英汉翻译理论与实践,翻译理论与实践,英译汉常用的方法和技巧: 反译法/正说反译、反说正译法 (Negation),试译以下句子: 1. No smoking! 严禁吸烟！ 2. Wet Paint! 油漆未干! 3. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。 4. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们要永远对生活抱乐观态度。 5. His pronunciation is no better than mine. 他的发音和我的一样糟糕。,由于语言习惯不同, 英汉两种语言在正说与反说方面也常常
2、不同。 因此, 在翻译实践中, 原文中正说的词句有时不得不处理成反说; 原文中反说的词句有时不得不处理成正说。,正说反译、反说正译法/反译法 (Negation),用反译法有时可以更明确地表达原文意思，但并不是说反译一定比正译好。如果正译反译都能较好表达原文，则应尽量采用正译，使译文从内容和形式上都尽量贴近原文。但如果正译有困难，欠通顺，或者效果不好，则应反译法。,正说反译、反说正译法,1、正说反译法（动词） 2、正说反译法（形容词） 3、正说反译法（名词） 4、正说反译法（副词） 5、正说反译法（虚词） 6 、正说反译法（短语）,正说反译法（动词）,含否定意义动词: fail, miss,
3、lack, deny, ignore, refuse, overlook, escape, exclude, neglect 等的句子可考虑反译。 The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。 She was refused admittance by them. 他们不许她进去。 I was denied the chance of going to university. 我没有得到上大学的机会。,试译以下句子： 1. The plan failed and for years he lost his political power. 计划失败了，他在政治上多年不得
4、志。 2. His secretary failed to tell him about it. 他的秘书没有告诉他这件事。 3. Hes missed school three days this week. 他这星期有三天没有去上学。,正说反译法（形容词）,He is ignorant of English. 他不懂英语。 And thats the last thing he is interested in. 那是他最不感兴趣的事情。 She is new to the job 她对工作还不熟悉。,正说反译法（形容词）,She said angrily，“The men are all
5、 bad!” 她愤愤地说，男人都不是好东西！ You are a bad boy! 你是个不听话的孩子！ The companys failure was due to bad management. 公司因经营不善破产。 She felt miserable. 她感到心里不舒服。 His key was lost. 他的钥匙不见了。,正说反译法（名词）,This district was in a state of neglect. 这个地方处于无人管理状态。 There is lack of water supply here. 这里供水不足。 He did it just out of
6、ignorance. 他做了此事只是出于无知。,正说反译法（名词） Tom will be in charge of the office during my absence. 我不在的时候，办公室由汤姆负责。 He tries to overcome the lack of technical data. 他试图克服技术资料的不足。,正说反译法（虚词:介词）,It was beyond his power to do so. 他无权这样做。 It seems against nature. 这似乎不符合自然规律。 Her behaviour was above suspicion. 她的品行
7、不容怀疑。,正说反译法（虚词:连词）,I will not go unless I hear from him. 如果他不通知我，我就不去。 The guest had already gone before we came back. 还没有等我们回来, 客人就走了。 Ill stay here till she arrives. 她不来我不走。,正说反译法（短语）,某些固定短语一般要译作否定: far from; free from; prevent from; protect from. but for; but that; anything but; cannot but. other
8、 than; rather than; more thancan; 比较级+ than to do instead of; in place of; short of; in the absence of,例如: The explanation is far from being satisfactory. 这一解释远不能令人满意。 He wishes to live a life free from care. 他希望过无忧无虑的生活。 I, rather than you, should do the work. 该做这工作的是我，不是你。,正说反译、反说正译法,1、反说正译法（动词） 2
9、、反说正译法（形容词） 3、反说正译法（副词） 4、反说正译法（名词） 5、反说正译法（介词短语）,反说正译法（形容词）,Weve been very unlucky with that car- 我们坐那辆车总是很倒霉,反说正译法（副词）,The windows there were never open. 那里的窗门总是关着。,反说正译法（名词）,He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business. 他对父亲的生意表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。 How will you deal with the disagreements betwee
10、n colleagues. 你会如何处理同事间的意见分歧？,反说正译法（介词短语）,The child can walk without any help now. 这小孩现在完全能自己走路了。 She came into the room with no shoes on. 她光着脚走进了房间。 The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time. 来自莫斯科的火车很快就会到达。 Students, with no exception, are to have physical examinations. 今天下午学生统统要进行体检。,正说
11、反译、反说正译法/反译法 (Negation),运用正反译法时,我们要注意语体的变化。一般说来，正说显得较正规，反说较口语化。例如： “禁止张贴”译成正说“Posters Forbidden”较正规，而译成反说“No Posters, Please”较口语化；同样，“Posters Forbidden”译成正说“禁止张贴”较正规，而译成反说“不许张贴”较口语化。,练一练：,1. I lay awake all night. 2. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 3. Would you please undress your over
12、coat before going in to the room? 4. His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 5. Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year.,练一练：,1. That fellow is far from being honest. 那家伙很不老实。 2. Its beyond me why she wants to marry Jack. 我不理解她为什么要和杰克结婚。 3. Stop talking nonsense! 别胡
13、说八道。 4. His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的。 5. Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧。,练一练：,6. He disappeared right away in the crowd. 他在人群中立刻消失了。 7. She kept to her room all day. 她一整天没出房门。,练一练：,8. Would you please undress your overco
14、at before going in to the room? 请你进房间之前脱掉外衣。 9. Did the child displease you? 孩子让你生气了吗？ 10. Appearance are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。,试译以下句子： 1. He always seemed too busy with his work. 他似乎总是工作忙个不完。 2. Keep in lane. 不准换车道。 3. I lay awake all night. 我一夜没合眼。 5. Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 昨天他没准时到校。,Thank you,
