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1、段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140160个汉字；六级长度为180200个汉字。,翻译题型概述,翻译的标准,译文应该完整地再现原文内容 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同。,翻译三部曲,1. 通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法成分和句型。 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期特别流行。 译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Q
2、ing dynasties.,汉语段落可以包含一个或一个以上的主题；而英语段落一般只有一个主题，如往往有一个明显的主题句（主题句多置于句首），其他句子则层层展开，以支持主题句,2. 付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误。 人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。 译文1：People often make their home beautifl with paper cuttings. 译文2：People often beautify their home with paper cuttings.,3. 重新审视，确认句法合理。 重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致等问题。,
3、翻译技巧,恰当选词 （避免过于笼统，选表达更确切的词） 中英文句式之间的对应和转换。 语态之间的转换 e.g. 通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“人们”、“别人”、“这”等，可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语 原文：现在人们必须采取措施来保护环境。 译文：Measures should be adopted/taken to protect the environment.,词性的转换 1）名词转换成动词 例如：改革开放政策受到了全国人名的拥护。 译文：The reform and opening-up policy is supported by the whole Chinese
4、people. 2) 动词转化成名词 例如：他善于观察 译文： He is a good observer.,3) 名词转换成形容词 例如： 在这紧张的时刻，他感到非常害怕。 译文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with fear.,练习1,农历五月五日的端午节是为了纪念被昏庸君主贬官放逐而投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将竹叶包扎好的糯米棕子投入屈原自尽的那条江，以祭祀亡灵。今天，人们在端午节举行龙舟赛，而粽子则由活生生的人来享用。,译文,The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of th
5、e 5th lunar month is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal monister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves, was originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuans departed soul and droppe
6、d into the river where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi is consumed by the living.,练习2,筷子是中餐桌上最具特色的用餐工具。我们中国人使用筷子的方法很有艺术性，各人有各人的方法，就好像签名一样，不尽一致。中国人一般都能随心所欲地使用筷子夹起米饭，一粒豌豆，一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海参。有人些人还能夹起一整块易碎的豆腐。,Chopsticks are the most distinvtive
7、 eating tool on the Chinese dinng table. The way we Chinese use our chopsticks is quite artistic and varies from persson to person like ones signature. An average Chinese person can very easily pick up pea, or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber with a pair of chopstics. Some are even able to
8、 pick up a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily.,核心语法考点,一、 虚拟语气,虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下： 1. (should)+动词原形的情形 2. if或but for等引导的条件句 3. wish, if only, it is time的用法,(should)+动词原形的情形,1.1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, det
9、ermine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。 She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。 He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。 注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。 When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested tha
10、t he was not on good terms with the director.,真题重现,【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。 参考答案：we hand in our research report(s),1.2 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名
11、词 He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。,1.3 在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。 It is necessary that some immediate ef
12、fort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。,真题重现,【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利). 参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.,if或but for等引导的条件句,if引导虚拟条件句的用法,He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors. 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了（与现在事实相反） I am sorry I am
13、 very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反） The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反） If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (wo
14、uld) stay at home. 如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。 but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forl But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time. 如果没有你的帮助，他们不可能按时完成任务。,真题重现,【CET-4:2006.12】The victim -(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time. 参考答案：would have a chance to survive 【CET-6
15、:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _（我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便) 参考答案：our communication would not be so efficient and convenient. 【CET-6:2007.1】If you had _(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). 参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been/be in trouble.,It is (high, about) time ,此句型要求用虚拟语气 谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干
16、某事而已经有些晚了” Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. something was done/some measures were taken,动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去 与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done 将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形 I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。,if only后用虚拟语气（要是
