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1、动词v-ing形式的基本概念1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成, 因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 构成2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语等。Doing Not doing Being done Not being doneHaving done Not having doneHa
2、ving been done Not having been doneBook4 Unit2 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语I. 动词v-ing形式 做主语1. 动词v-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. Watching news on TV has become a routine(日常习惯) for me. Learning about a language is easier than using it.2. 为了保
3、持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末，可以作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless, good, fun, no use, worthwhile等It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。It is useless trying to argue(争辩) with Shylock(夏洛克,人名)Its fun jumping into cool water in hot summer.Its good using your head often.3. 动词-ing形式作主语的常用it作形式
4、主语的句型有：It +be +a waste(浪费) of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is/was no point(意义) doing干无意义There is no sense in doing 做没有道理It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得There is no doing 无法; 不允许There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was no
5、thing worse than doing 没有比更糟的e.g. There was no knowing where we would go. 我们不知道要去哪儿。There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。Its worthwhile making the effort(努力) Is it any good trying to explain? Its a waste of
6、time(浪费时间) talking about such a useless thing. Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy(有风的) days.It is worthwhile (值得)discussing(讨论) the question. 动词-ing形式作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况: 及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语1.动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词。这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。I suggest(建议) doing it in a different way.They
7、admitted(承认) smoking/having smoked in the hall(在大厅里).I cant avoid(逃避) going我不能不去。Have you considered looking for one special friend? We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake (重复同样的错误)Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? People couldnt help(忍不住) laughing foolish man 只能接动词-ing形式
8、作宾语的动词：admit(承认); appreciate(感激); avoid(避免); resist(抵制);keep(保持); consider(考虑); delay(耽搁); dislike(讨厌,不喜欢); practice(练习); mention(提及); enjoy(喜欢); escape(避免);excuse(原谅);risk(冒险); mind(介意); fancy(想不到); feel like(喜欢,想,意欲); finish(完成); miss(错过);include(包括);记忆口诀考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停享赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒
9、险凭想象。consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardonadmit, delay /put off , fancy avoid, miss, keep /keep on , practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escapeforbid , risk , imagine 以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语：decide , hope, expect , seem, agree, afford, arra
10、nge, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通Your composition(作文) needs correcting(修改) / to be corrected.His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned.他的外套需要洗了。The radio needs / requir
11、es / wants repairing / to be repaired.有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。第一种情况：在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。I like to eat some fish./ l like eating fish.He hat
12、es to dance./ He hates dancing.第二种情况：在begin/start， continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 It began to rain. / It began raining.The children started to sing./ The children started singing.第三种情况：在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：Group1. regret doing 对所做的事感到后悔regret
13、to do(tell/ say/ speak/ inform) 对要做的事表示遗憾 I regret missing the report我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret to say I cant take your advice(接受你的建议)Group2. remember doing 讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”remember to do 讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”I remember posting the letter我记得我已把信寄了。Ill remember to post the letter我会记着去寄信的。Group3. forget doing 忘记
14、以前曾做过的事forget to do 忘记要做某事 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer Dont forget to write to your motherGroup4. go on doing 继续做同一件事。go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事Group5. mean doing意味着要有一个结果 mean to do想要做某事 Group6. stop doing停止正在做的事stop to do停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事 Group7. try doing 试做某事 try to do 设法做某事 Gro
15、up8. be/ get/ feel/ become used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事Group9. cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help (to)do 不能帮助做某事2. 作介词宾语。动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关常见的几种搭配形式有： A. 介词+动名词, We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。After being away for several years, it is a strange experience(经历) to return to the hometown.Instead of smiling, each of them made a face(做了怪脸)B. 动
