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1、第 1 页 共 6 页 高高中中英语英语 语法语法 Grammar:定语从句(Attributive Clauses) handsome boys=the boys who are handsome beautiful flowers=the flowers which are beautiful 定义定义： 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用 是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所 修饰的先行词后面。 先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词， 关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关
2、系词。关系词可分为关系代词关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that) 和关系副词关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语 从句中，当 who, which, that 作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限 制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限 制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。 一一关系关系代代词以及词以及基本基
3、本用法用法 关系代词 指示对 象 作用 例句 That 人.物 主.（宾） The student that answered the question was John.回答问题 的学生是约翰。 The book （that） you lent me was interesting.你借给我的 那本书很有趣。 Which 物 主.（宾） Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大 多数男孩都喜欢的游戏. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚 买的钢笔. Who 人
4、主.（宾） A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. The man（who）you met just now is my friend. Whom 人 （宾） The man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见 到的那个人就是我的朋友. Mr. Ling is just the boy（whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰巧 就是我想见的那个男孩. Whose 人.物 定 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. Please p
5、ass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 注意注意一一： 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that 前不能有介词前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词介词+关系词关系词“结构可以同关系副词结构可以同关系副词 when where 和和 why 互换互换。where = in/at + which when=in/on/at/during + which why = for which whose=of which/whom+the+物物/人人
6、=the+物物/人人+of which/whom 例如： 1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 =This is the house where I lived two years ago. 2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ =Do you remember the day when you joined our club？ 第 2 页 共 6 页 3. The tourists, of
7、 whom the eldest is 70 (the eldest of whom is 70), are from Singapore. I saw three films this month, two of which were very interesting. The reason (which/that) hes absent from the meeting for is not clear. =The reason for which /why hes absent from the meeting is not clear. 4） whom 在定语从句中只指人， 做宾语，
8、可用在定语从句中只指人， 做宾语， 可用 who 或或 that 代替，代替， 也可以省略也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，但后边的介词提前时， 只用只用 whom 例如： Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to? = Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking? She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help. = She is the person to whom you sho
9、uld turn for help 5) Whose 用来指人或物，用来指人或物，(只用作定语只用作定语) (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (2) Please pass me the book whose cover (=of which the cover) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 6).先行词有下列词修饰时只能用先行词有下列词修饰时只能用 as 引导定语从句引导定语从句, 如：如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名
10、词名词 +as。 You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as 作作 want 的宾语的宾语) Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as 作定语从句的主语作定语从句的主语) This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as 作作 showed 的直接宾语的直接宾语) This jewel is the same one that I showed yo
11、u the other day.(that 作作 showed 的直接宾语）的直接宾语） 请注意请注意“the same + 名词名词 + as”与与“the same + 名词名词 + that”的区别。的区别。 (1) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (2) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 注意：定语从句注意：定语从句 suchas 与结果状语从句与结果状语从句 s
12、uch that的区别：的区别：as 在所引导的定语从句中作主在所引导的定语从句中作主 语，宾语；语，宾语；that 在结果状语从句中不在结果状语从句中不做成分做成分 (3)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (4)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. 7). 先行词有比较级修饰时用先行词有比较级修饰时用 than；先行词有否定词修饰时用；先行词有否定词修饰时用 but，表示双重否定，此时的，表示双重否定，此时的 but = who/which/that.not. My mothe
13、r always gives me more money than is needed.(than 作定语从句主语作定语从句主语) This year, the farmers have harvested more grain than was expected. (than 作定语从句主语作定语从句主语) There is not a student but wants to go to university. =There is not a student who/that doesnt want to go to university.(but 作定语从句主语作定语从句主语) 练习 选
14、择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。(that which who whose whom ) 1. Do you see the bridge _ was built last year? 2. The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well. 3. The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer. 4. The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital. 5. She was the bra
15、ve girl _ name is known to everybody. 注意注意二二：that 和和 which 虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用 that 指物而不用指物而不用 which 1） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如： This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（作宾语可省略） This is the most beautiful park that we have visited. 2）先行词被）先行词被 the very，the o
16、nly, the same, the last 等修饰时，等修饰时，例如： 第 3 页 共 6 页 This is the very book that Im looking for.（作宾语，可省略） The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.（作宾语，可省略） 3）先行词被序数词修饰时）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如： The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语，可省略） This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.（作主语） 4）当先行词是）当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外除外), few, all, none, little,
