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1、名人演讲：国会大厦告别演讲 道格拉斯麦克阿瑟(DouglasMacArthur)美国陆军五星上将出生于阿肯色州小石城的军人世家1899年中学毕业后考入西点军校1903年以名列第一的优异成绩毕业到工程兵部队任职并赴菲律宾执勤麦克阿瑟有过50年的军事实践经验被美国国民称之为“一代老兵”而其自身的又曾是“美国最年轻的准将、西点军校最年轻的校长、美国陆军历史上最年轻的陆军参谋长”凭借精妙的军事谋略和敢战敢胜的胆略麦克阿瑟堪称美国战争史上的奇才 提起这句话：“老兵永远不死只会慢慢凋零”（Oldsoldiersneverdie,theyjustfadeaway）就不由得想起那个叼着玉米棒子烟斗的麦克阿瑟和
2、他在1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦发表的题为老兵不死著名演讲 我即将结束五十二年的军旅生涯我从军是在本世纪开始之前而这是我童年的希望与梦想的实现自从我在西点军校的教练场上宣誓以来这个世界已经过多次变化而我的希望与梦想早已消逝但我仍记着当时最流行的一首军歌词极为自豪地宣示“老兵永远不死只会慢慢凋零” Iamclosingmy52yearsofmilitaryservice.WhenIjoinedtheArmy,evenbeforetheturnofthecentury,itwasthefulfillmentofallofmyboyishhopesanddreams.Theworldhas
3、turnedovermanytimessinceItooktheoathontheplainatWestPoint,andthehopesanddreamshavelongsincevanished,butIstillremembertherefrainofoneofthemostpopularbarrackballadsofthatdaywhichproclaimedmostproudlythatoldsoldiersneverdie;theyjustfadeaway. 就像这首歌中的老兵一位想尽一已之责的老兵而上帝也赐予光辉使他能看清这一项责任而我现在结束了军旅生涯而逐渐凋谢 Andlik
4、etheoldsoldierofthatballad,Inowclosemymilitarycareerandjustfadeaway,anoldsoldierwhotriedtodohisdutyasGodgavehimthelighttoseethatduty. 演讲全文：MacArthur:FarewellAddresstoCongress Mr.President,Mr.Speaker,andDistinguishedMembersoftheCongress: Istandonthisrostrumwithasenseofdeephumilityandgreatpridehumilit
5、yintheweightofthosegreatAmericanarchitectsofourhistorywhohavestoodherebeforeme;prideinthereflectionthatthishomeoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertyinthepurestformyetdevised.Herearecenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrace.Idonotstandhereasadvocateforanypartisancause,fortheissue
6、sarefundamentalandreachquitebeyondtherealmofpartisanconsideration.Theymustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourcourseistoprovesoundandourfutureprotected.Itrust,therefore,thatyouwilldomethejusticeofreceivingthatwhichIhavetosayassolelyexpressingtheconsideredviewpointofafellowAmerican. Iad
7、dressyouwithneitherrancornorbitternessinthefadingtwilightoflife,withbutonepurposeinmind:toservemycountry.Theissuesareglobalandsointerlockedthattoconsidertheproblemsofonesector,oblivioustothoseofanother,isbuttocourtdisasterforthewhole.WhileAsiaismonlyreferredtoastheGatewaytoEurope,itisnolesstruethatE
8、uropeistheGatewaytoAsia,andthebroadinfluenceoftheonecannotfailtohaveitsimpactupontheother.Therearethosewhoclaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotectonbothfronts,thatwecannotdivideoureffort.Icanthinkofnogreaterexpressionofdefeatism.Ifapotentialenemycandividehisstrengthontwofronts,itisforustocounterhiseffo
9、rt.TheCommunistthreatisaglobalone.Itssuccessfuladvanceinonesectorthreatensthedestructionofeveryothersector.YoucannotappeaseorotherwisesurrendertomunisminAsiawithoutsimultaneouslyunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvanceinEurope. Beyondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,Ishallconfinemydiscussiontothegenerala
10、reasofAsia.Beforeonemayobjectivelyassessthesituationnowexistingthere,hemustprehendsomethingofAsiaspastandtherevolutionarychangeswhichhavemarkedhercourseuptothepresent.Longexploitedbythesocalledcolonialpowers,withlittleopportunitytoachieveanydegreeofsocialjustice,individualdignity,orahigherstandardof
11、lifesuchasguidedourownnobleadministrationinthePhilippines,thepeoplesofAsiafoundtheiropportunityinthewarjustpasttothrowofftheshacklesofcolonialismandnowseethedawnofnewopportunity,aheretoforeunfeltdignity,andtheselfrespectofpoliticalfreedom. Musteringhalfoftheearthspopulation,and60percentofitsnaturalr
12、esourcesthesepeoplesarerapidlyconsolidatinganewforce,bothmoralandmaterial,withwhichtoraisethelivingstandardanderectadaptationsofthedesignofmodernprogresstotheirowndistinctculturalenvironments.Whetheroneadherestotheconceptofcolonizationornot,thisisthedirectionofAsianprogressanditmaynotbestopped.Itisa
13、corollarytotheshiftoftheworldeconomicfrontiersasthewholeepicenterofworldaffairsrotatesbacktowardtheareawhenceitstarted. Inthissituation,itbeesvitalthatourowncountryorientitspoliciesinconsonancewiththisbasicevolutionaryconditionratherthanpursueacourseblindtotherealitythatthecolonialeraisnowpastandthe
14、Asianpeoplescovettherighttoshapetheirownfreedestiny.Whattheyseeknowisfriendlyguidance,understanding,andsupportnotimperiousdirectionthedignityofequalityandnottheshameofsubjugation.Theirprewarstandardoflife,pitifullylow,isinfinitelylowernowinthedevastationleftinwarswake.Worldideologiesplaylittlepartin
15、Asianthinkingandarelittleunderstood.Whatthepeoplesstriveforistheopportunityforalittlemorefoodintheirstomachs,alittlebetterclothingontheirbacks,alittlefirmerroofovertheirheads,andtherealizationofthenormalnationalisturgeforpoliticalfreedom.Thesepoliticalsocialconditionshavebutanindirectbearinguponouro
16、wnnationalsecurity,butdoformabackdroptocontemporaryplanningwhichmustbethoughtfullyconsideredifwearetoavoidthepitfallsofunrealism. OfmoredirectandimmediatelybearinguponournationalsecurityarethechangeswroughtinthestrategicpotentialofthePacificOceaninthecourseofthepastwar.PriortheretothewesternstrategicfrontieroftheUnitedStateslayontheliterallineoftheAmericas,withanexposedislandsalientextendingou
