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1、定语,什么是定语？ 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句. a blue sea a handsome boy,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,3.,代替先行词,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况
2、,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),定语从句的位置: 1.紧跟在先行词的后面: You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.,2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句,The days are gone when people suffered a lot.,3.as引导的定语从句可
3、前移 As we all know, the earth is round.,定语从句,Join the following sentences: 1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. A plane is can fly.,a machine,the machine,a machine,that /which,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。,Think and conclude,1.意义： 定语从句是用来修饰名词的句子. 2.写法： 找出两个简单句的共有
4、成分； 将从句中的共有成分去掉； 用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后,2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl is Mary. The girl is Mary.,we saw her yesterday,who/that we saw yesterday,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词the girl。,I prefer the robot can play the guitar,which,the robot,The robot,b. How to make it ?,1. The car
5、which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 2. This is the city where I was born. 定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。 关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。,定语从句:,关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语): 1.who/whom(that) 2.which(that) 3that不能放在介词的后面 4.whose=of which 或 of whom 5.as 关系副词(作状语) : 1.where=介词
6、+ which 2.when=介词+ which 3.why=for+which,4.way的特殊用法 the way,he lives. that he lives. in which he lives.,关系词的作用: 1)连接； 2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。,一、关系代词,1. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000. A. who B. which C. where D. when,A,1. who,作定从的主语/宾语 指人 作主语时不可省略 指代先行词,2. The boy _ we saw y
7、esterday was Johns brother. A. whom B. / C. which D. when,AB,2. whom,作定从的宾语 指人 可省略 指代先行词,3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _ he made. A. which B. who C. / D. where,AC,3. which,作定从的主语或宾语 指物 作宾语可省略 指代先行词,4. Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending their holidays in a small villag
8、e. A. where B. who C. that D. which E./,4. that,作定从的主语或宾语 指物或人 作宾语可省略 指代先行词,CD,BC,5. Spielberg, _ mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946. A. who B. which C. whose D. that,C,5. whose,作定从的定语 指物或人 不可省略 指代先行词=sbs/sths,I once lived in a house _ was broken. A. whose roof B. which roof C. of which th
9、e roof D. the roof of which,ACD,5. whosenof which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whom,她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。,Her parents dont want to marry their daughter to a man_ is poor.,whose family,=the family of whom,=of whom the family,the roof of the house,关系副词和定语从句,I still remember the day. .,=when,(1),(2),on
10、the day,I came here,=on which,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。 (2)在这天我来到这里。,1. Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born? A. which B. on which C. when D. where,1. when,BC,作定从的时间状语 指时间,在从句中表示“在.时间“=in/on.+which 先行词为时间名词,This is the house . last year.,=in which = where,I lived,in the house,(1),(2),就是这所（我去年住
11、过的）房子。,(1)就是这所房子。 (2)我去年在这所房子住过。,2. The farm _ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away. A. when B. where C. why D. on which,BD,2. where,作定从的地点状语 指地点,在从句中表示“在.地点“=in/on.+which 先行词为地点名词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词),He gave a reason.,=for which =why,(1),(2)
12、,for the reason.,people like music,(1)他给了一个原因 (2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,3. I dont know the reason _ he looks unhappy. A. that B. why C. for which D. /,BC,3. why,作定从的原因状语 指原因,在从句中表示“因为.原因“=for which 先行词为reason,I disapprove the reasons _ he came up with. A. that B. why C. for which D. /,AD,因此
13、先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _he
14、gave us .,when,(which/that),where,(which/that),why,(that/which),几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,in which,in which,for which,4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。 I dont like the way _ he talked to his mother. I dont like the way _ he chose to do it. A. that B. in which C. / D. how,ABC,AC,way 方式， 方法,1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in wh
15、ich且可以略。 2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,解题方法和技巧,1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。 2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason, way。,1. She looked at Jeff_ was waving his arms. 2. The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital. 3. And there she saw a wall of water _ was quickly advancing towards her. A. who B. that C. whose D. which,1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键； 2、再看先行词。,AB,C,BD,3.wh
