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1、外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料 专四语法考点串讲语法回顾篇：专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.
2、I _the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldn
3、t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。例如： 43. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年） A. shall need C. would need B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to se
4、e the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词not不前移。 例如：65._, he would not have recovered so quickly.（05年） A.Hadnt he been taken good care of B.Had he not been taken good care of C.Had not he been taken good care of D.Had he bee
5、n not taken good care of考点6. insist(一个坚持）；order command(两道命令）；suggest， advise, propose（三条建议）；ask, require, request, demand(四点要求） 及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：58. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.(04年) A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 考点7.It is +advisable
6、, essential important, imperative, incredible,等等相关的从句，谓语要使用：should+动词原形或动词原形例如：46.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.（04年） A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 考点8.it is high(about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式例如:54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainfo
7、rests.（06年）A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点9.much as尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设，可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。例如：52. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.（99年）A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I
8、should have liked to考点10. if only表示要是就好了相当 与wish, as if/as though 的用法。与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反: had + done与将来事实相反： could/would + do 例如：52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! （06 年） A would B could C should D might备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示“宁愿某人作某事”例如： T
9、he manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。在lest, for fear that等引导的状语从句中，通常用(should +)原形动词这一虚拟语气形式 例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A.injure B.had injure
10、d C.injured D.would injure 专四语法考点串讲之二 情态动词考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式 （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了3. may / mig
11、ht have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。 4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。例如：You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work
12、today.注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生 例：I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.*特殊用法(1) cant表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustnt(must not) 表示“不许可 禁止”，neednt (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not 动词原形 表示“不敢” (2) must表推测 的否定现在式用cant ,过去式用couldnt(3)May I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please
13、 dont.或No, you mustnt. 例如：“May we leave now?” “No, you mustnt. You havent finished your home work yet.” (4) need I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为neednt (5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to(6)May/might as well maybut.(表转折)(7) I wish to go home with you, may I?(8) Do help
14、yourself to have fruit, wont you/ will you? （表示一种委婉的请求）*情态动词短语的使用would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 从句would prefer to do.had better do.*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行为）动词*情态动词一般用法的否定：mustnt 不准, 禁止，不要 cant(couldnt) 不会；不能；may (might) not 不可以; neednt 没必要 ( = dont have
