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1、,Grammar,非限制性定语从句,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果:,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略。,非限制性定语从句省略后意义 仍然完整， 所以可以省略。,逗号隔开,修饰 限定,补充 解释,能,不能,的,两个句子,无 逗号,定语从句,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 友善的老师受学生欢迎。
2、Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 王老师很受学生欢迎，他很友善。,非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也 不会影响主句意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 引导“非限定”的关系词有： 1. 指人时： 2. 指物时： which （可指某个词也可指整个主句， 从句只能位于主句之后） as （表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后） 3. 指地点时： 4. 指时间时： 5. 指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的用法 See Vic. En. P66-67,who, whom, whose,which, as,where = 相应介词
3、 + which,when = 相应介词 + which,for which （切不可用why）,1. The famous basketball star, _ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot. 4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
4、 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. 8. The managers daughter, _ name is Ann, gave me a patient smile.,who,whom,which,which,课堂练习,when,where,which,w
5、hose, 在 of which / whom 之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词,1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of _ are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of _ are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _ come from US.,Other examples:,which,whom,whom,“非限定”使用须知
6、1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略 2. 从句通常不能用that引导 3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。 4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why 5. 从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导; 而要用关系代词 as 引导 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后),要点归纳,1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）,2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐
7、姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）,注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,注意2: 当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,as 和 which 可指代整个主句 (= and this / and that) as 可放在句中或句首, which 只放在句中 _ we know, smoking is
8、 harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us.,As,which,注意3: as / which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别,关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。 As we all know, he is a famous scientist. As is expected, he is a diligent boy. She has the same book as you have
9、.,as 引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如”。 可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：,as is known to all as is often the case as might / could be expected as has been said before as has been mentioned above as has been pointed out as can be imagined as can be seen (from these figures) as often happens as will be shown,这是常有的事,正如人们所预料的,正如上面所提到
10、的,正如前面所说的,正如所指出的,正如所示,The earth is round. _ is known to all. The earth is round, _ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round. _ is known to all is that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,Compare:,(定从),(形式主语),What,（主语从句）,_ we expected, he m
11、ade a long speech A As B That C Which D It He made a long speech, _was unexpected. A as B that C which D it,当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。,A,C,This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,注意4：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较,1) He failed in the exam. _ made hi
12、s parents angry. 2) He failed in the exam, _ made his parents angry.,3) He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4) He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them,注意5：定语从句和其他从句的比较,Put the book _ it is when you have finished reading. A. which B. where C. in which D. at the place,(地点状语从
13、句),When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where,(地点状语从句),Practice,高考链接,1. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. bo
14、th of which 2. I have many friends, some _are businessmen. (2005全国) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom,3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (07安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. neither of whom D. none of whom 4. The factory produces half a million
15、pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. (2004辽宁) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,5. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (05辽宁) A. which B. when C. where D. that 6. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. (05安徽) A. when B. which C. what D. that 7. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. (05浙江) A. whi
