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1、,Grammar,一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个穿白色衣服的女孩,a girl in white,in white,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个正唱歌的女孩,a girl is singing,who,is singing,（定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）,定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。常有形容词充当，（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。）且单个词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语常后置，翻译成“的,beautiful,in white,is singing,
2、the tall the strong the clever,boy,The boy who is tall,The boy who is strong,The boy who is clever,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red,The apple which is green,The apple which is small,The apple which is big,Beijing is the city where it will host the 2008 Olympic Games.,
3、1. The girl whose leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.,2. The girl, who was lying ,was taken to hospital.,3. The reason why the old man is shouting in the house is on fire.,4. The man ,whose house is on fire is shouting .,定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做“先行词”. 引导定语从句的词叫“
4、关系词”。 基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句剩余部分,基础知识,引导定语从句的关系词,who，whom，that which， whose where when why,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,关系词作用,1.代替先行词; .它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句和从句连起来） 关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人, 关系代词可用 who, whom, whose, that。 如果先行词指物, 关系代词
5、可用 which, that 或 whose,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,3. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省
6、略）,Eg. A plane is a machine. It can fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,eg. He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that) I told you about.,关系代词,4.whose 是代词的所有格形式,作定语， 它既可以代人也可以代物。,Eg. Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.,eg. I saw a
7、 woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,5.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Eg. These are the trees which were planted last year.,Eg. The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Eg. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Exercise,1. I have a frien
8、d _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/th
9、at,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 eg. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when = on which 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 where = in which eg. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其 先行词只有表示原因的
10、reason 一词. eg. We dont know the reason why he was late for school.,关系副词,1. that 和which that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 eg. 1. His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. 2. Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday? 3. The coat (which/that) I
11、 put on the desk is black. 注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that),2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句： 1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that eg. This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that eg. The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Matc
12、h”. 3）先行词被 the only，the very 或 the same 等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。 eg. 1. It is the only word (that) I know in the passage. 2. Where is the very book (that) I bought just now? 3. This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.,4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that Eg. 1. I
13、 want everything (that) I want. 2. I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.,5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that eg. Here is all the money (that) I have.,6) 先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that eg. I can remember well the persons and some
14、pictures (that) I see in the room. 7) 定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导 eg. Is it the one（that）you want？ 8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句 Eg. Who is the girl that won the first place?,3. who和whom who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。 Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。 Eg. 1. Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking t
15、o? 2. The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous. =The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.,单项选择 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as 4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the on
