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1、状语从句,What are “ Adverbial Clauses”?,在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、 形容词、副词等的从句叫做 “状语从句”。分类如下：,状语从句,1. 时间状语从句,2. 地点状语从句,3. 原因状语从句,4. 条件状语从句,5. 让步状语从句,6. 目的状语从句,7. 结果状语从句,8. 方式状语从句,9. 比较状语从句,1) 常用连词如下：as, when, while, till / until, not until, before, since, after等。,1. 时间状语从句,while, when, as辨析,While：引导的时间状语从句只指一段时间，强
2、调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时发生。从句动词常是延续性的 When：既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段时间，可表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生。从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。 As：强调主句从句动作相并发生,译为”一边一边”或“随着”,1._he returned , his wife was cooking. 2._he was reading, his wife was cooking. 3.We talked happily_we walked along. 4._ time goes by, its getting colder.,When,While,as,As,当主句是非
3、持续性动词，从句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，when,while,as可互相替换 _we were still ，the teacher came in.,While/when/As,laughing,另外, when/while还作并列连词,连接并列分句, while表示 “而,可是”如: I like reading _my wife enjoys watching TV. when表示 “突然性“就在这时” 在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。 1. be about to do when 2. be doing when 3. be on the point o
4、f doingwhen 4. had done when,while,. _(我们正要开始就在这时start)it began to rain. 2._ mom came in. 3.I had just got home _(就开始下雨）,1.We were about to start when,我正在玩电脑游戏就在这时妈妈进来了。,I was playing computer games when,when it began to rain,till 只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。 e.g. I will be here till/until he co
5、mes back. I wont know where he is until I get a letter from him.,until/till 区别,“延续的动词（肯定式）+until ”表示“直到为止” 1.我一直睡到闹钟响为止. _. “非延续性动词（否定式）+until ”表示“直到才”2.直到他完成工作才上床睡 _,I slept until the clock alarmed,He didnt go to bed until he finished his work.,注意: not until 在句首时要倒装,Not until he saw it himself_ （他才
6、相信）,did he believe it.,Its/will be +一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示过了多久才 Its/will （not) be +一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示没过多久就 it s been+一段时间 since +一般过去时,before/since 用法,It will be a long time before we meet again. It will not be a long time before the China become a developed country. It 20 years since we first each
7、other.,saw,has been,2) 一些表示时间的名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。如：the moment/ the minute/the second（一就）next time（下次）, every/each time （每次）first time，by the time(到时候) The moment he comes, I will tell him. By the time I graduate from this school, I will have been here for three years. Be sure to call me next time you co
8、me here. Every time I caught a cold I had pain in my head.,3) as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly 等副词也可引导；表示“一就”。 As soon as I reach home, I will tell him the news. I left immediately the clock struck 5,4) 一些固定搭配也可引导时间状语从句 a. hardly when b. scarcely when / before c. no sooner than 都表示一就，用以引
9、导时间状语从句。注意：当 hardly, scarcely及no sooner位于句首时,从句中的主谓要倒装。 e.g. No sooner had she gone than it happened,1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. while B. after C. In case D. the minute 2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the
10、 consumers? when B. until C. before D. since,Exercises,3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. With B. since C. As D. While 4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. why B. where C. when D. while 5. Hardly _ into the village _ it began to rain. we had got; when B.
11、we got; than C. had we got; when D. did we get; than,2. 地点状语从句,地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。,e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. You can sit wherever you like.,注意：不要混同于where 引导的定语从句,与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前有一个表示地点的名词 Go back where you came from.（_） Go back to the city where you came from. （
12、_）,状语从句,定语从句,1.Please put the book _ (我能容易找到的地方find) 2.Please put the medicine _ (你的小孩够不着的地方reach) 3.Please put the shoes _ (原来的地方be),where I can find it easily,where your child cant reach it,where it was,3. 原因状语从句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, since, as, for, now that 等。,1) beca
13、use 语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中。 _（是因为他生病） he didnt go with us. 2) since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前） _, lets carry out the plan.（既然没人反对),Since no one is against it,It was because he was ill that,3) as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后） Wear strong shoes _we shall do a lot of walking today.
14、 4) for也可以表示原因，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推倒，用于表示补充说明理由。 He must be ill, _he is absent today. 5) now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，now that放于句首时，that可省略。 _everybody is here, lets begin.,as,for,Now ( that),4. 条件状语从句 1) if, unless(= if not), so/ as long as(只要), in case, on condition that, once(一旦） 2) suppose/supposing/(假设，如果), providing/provided/assuming/given/say that(如果） 1.You may use the room _you clean it up afterwards.(只要long） 2.I will do it _ （只要你帮助我condition) 3.Youll be late again_.(除非你饿了hungry),as long as,on condition that you help me.,unless you are hungry,3)“祈使句+and/ or
