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1、一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了 19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、 打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。 角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。(1) 京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. (2)
2、它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.(3) 到了 19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. (4) 京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、
3、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。 Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatic fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. (5) 角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。The main types of roles in Beijing Op
4、era are sheng (male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou (clown, either male or female).二、道教是中国土生土长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”, 崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼(jiao4)”便是老子的至理名言。 (1) 道教是中国土生土长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。Taoism first
5、 originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Lao-zi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period. (2) 道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典。Tao Te Ching, written by Lao-zi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. (3) 道教主张“重人贵生”, 崇尚清静无为，修身养性。Taoism advocates the value of a human beings
6、 life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. (4) “道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。The following is an example of Lao-zis wise saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; the names t
7、hat can be named are not unvarying names. (5) 无名天地之始；有名万物之母。It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; the named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. (6) 故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼(jiao4)”便是老子的至理名言。Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can se
8、e the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成。成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。 (1) 中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。Chinese idioms
9、 refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. (2) “成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. (3) 成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. (4)
10、绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters, for example, ziqiangbuxi (make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan (bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). (5) 成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成。Idioms are extrac
11、ted from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. (6) 成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫(sao1)丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞出使西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密
12、联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征,东方文明的使者。(1) 中国是丝绸的故乡。China is the home of silk. (2) 栽桑、养蚕、缫(sao1)丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. (3) 商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。As early as the Sh
13、ang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. (4) 西汉时张骞出使西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, traveled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Medit
14、erranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. (5) 从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征,东方文明的使者。From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Since then, Chinese silk
15、has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。 (1) 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。The Chinese classi
16、cal garden, as a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape, is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. (2) 其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” (3) 游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景
