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1、Basketball,By陈炳良 刘轩鸣 朱识达 王志豪 杨智麟,catalog,History,A,The invention of basketball,篮球运动是1891年由美国人詹姆斯奈史密斯发明的。当时，他在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德基督教青年会国际训练学校任教。由于当地盛产桃子，这里的儿童又非常喜欢做用球投入桃子筐的游戏。这使他从中得到启发，并博采足球、曲棍球等其它球类项目的特点，创编了篮球游戏。,最初篮球游戏比较简单， 场地大小和参加游戏的人数没有限制。 比赛队员分成人数相等的两队， 分别站在球场的两端，在裁判员向球场中央抛球后 ，双方队员立即冲进场内抢球， 并力争将球投进对方的篮筐
2、。 因为桃筐是有底的， 球投中以后就留在篮子里， 人必须登上专设的梯子才能将球从篮筐里取出,随着场地设施的不断改进， 篮筐取消了筐底，并改用铁圈代替桃篮， 用木板制成篮板代替铁丝挡网，场地增设了中线、 中圈和罚球线，比赛改由中场跳球开始 。与此同时，场上比赛队员也通常改为每队5人， 开始有后卫、守卫、中锋、前锋、留守等位置之分。 此外，奈史密斯制订了一个不太完善的竞赛规则， 共13个条款， 其中规定不允许带球跑、抱人、推人、绊人、打人等 。这大大提高了篮球游戏的趣味性， 并且吸引了更多的人来参加这一游戏， 从而使篮球运动很快普及到了全美国。,Regulations,B,basketball f
3、ield,The basketball sports field should be a rectangular solid plane without obstacles.The standard competition location length is 28m, the width is 15m.The ceiling or the most low obstacle should be 7m highly at least. The basketball court broadside boundary calls the sideline, the leg of right tri
4、angle boundary calls the base line.The lines In the field must be extremely clear, the lines width is 0.05m.Taking the median line center point as a center of circle, taking 1.8m as the radius, draws a circle to call encircles.,rules,1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
5、 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. Th
6、e arms or body must not be used for holding it. 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to
7、 injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. 7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means
8、without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).,8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shal
9、l count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If a
10、ny side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11. The referee shall be t
11、he judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five
12、 minutesrest between. 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.,Terminology,C,NBA Terms,bank shot：擦板球 jump shot：跳投 block shot：阻攻，盖火锅儿 assist：助攻 backboard：篮板 turnover：失误 steal：抢断 three-point shot：三分球 layup：带球上篮 mid-court：中场 painted area：罚球圈，禁区,NBA,D,NBA is the abb
13、reviation of National Basketball Association (country basketball association). It is the worlds premier mens professional basketball league and one of the major professional sports leagues of North America.,History,The league was founded in New York City, United States on June 6, 1946 as the Basketb
14、all Association of America (BAA). The league adopted the name National Basketball Association in the autumn of 1949 after merging with the rival National Basketball League. At first ,there were only 11 teams, In the after years,some teams joined NBA one after another .In 2004, the Charlotte Bobcats
15、team joins in NBA , then the team sum reached 30.,The 30 teams in NBA are divided to two alliances-east and west alliance ,Each has 15 teams . there are three divisions in each alliance separately .East alliance can be divided to Northwest , Southwest and Pacific division .West alliace is divided to
16、 central ,Southeast and Atlantic divisions.,Teams,Alliance,WEST,San Antonio Spurs,Minnesota Timberwolves,Sacramento Kings,Phoenix Suns,Memphis Grizzlies,Dallas Mavericks,New Orleans/OklaCity Hornets,Utah Jazz,Golden State Warriors,Alliance,WEST,Houston Rockets,Denver Nuggets,Los Angeles Clippers,Los Angeles Lakers,Portland Trail Blazers,Seattle SuperSonics,EAST,Alliance,Miami Heat,Detroit Pistons,Boston Celtics,Orlando Magic),New Jersey Nets,Toronto Raptors,Milwaukee Bucks,Indiana Pa
