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1、现在完成时,现在完成时表示在过去发生，到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验，即用过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况。经常翻译为“已经”，“从开始就”等,definition,present(now),future,past,do my homework,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.,现在完成时的构成,Theyve worked in the factory for ten years. Hes been there be
2、fore。 He has had lunch already. I have read the book many times.,have (has）+ 过去分词,否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.,现在完成时的基本句型,肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.,He has gone to school.,Has he gone to the school ? -Yes ,he has. -No, he hasnt.,He hasnt gone to school.,疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?
3、,不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,AAA型,AAB型,ABA型,ABB型,ABC型,二、现在完成时的用法,1. 已完成用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。如： He has had lunch already. （现在是饱的） I have read the book many times. （还记得书的内容）,2.未完成用法,表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。如： We have lived here for over three years. We have studied Engl
4、ish since three years ago.,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是： become, begin,buy,borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish b
5、e over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,三、现在完成时的时间状语,1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before，just，already，yet，ever等连用。如： I havent seen him before. They have jus
6、t done their homework.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here. Has he already left here? My teachers havent had breakfast yet. Have you written to your parents yet?,yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet
7、?,b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall. Have you ever been to Canada?,c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. They have just finished the work.,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前
8、开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),4.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句 She has taught English
9、 since he came here. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,have been 与have gon
10、e 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjin
11、g. 她已经去南京了。,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,下一页,He has lived here since 2000. 2000年以来他一直住在这儿。（他现在还住在这里。） He lived here in 2000. 2000年他住在这儿。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里。） I have read the book before. 我以前已经看过这本书了。 When did you r
12、ead it? 你什么时候看的？,exercise,动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,
13、have,been,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read
14、,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6.
15、 Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have b
