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1、AP环境科学公开课之认识我们生存的自然环境 主讲：云舟AP-李老师 AP环境科学导师 课程地址： 版权归云舟所有 云舟国际课程中心 环境地理教研组Kevin AP Environmental Science Open Class Unit 1 Earth system and resources (1015%) 2012-9-14 1 版权归云舟所有 2 声音检测 感觉声音很流畅的同学打1 感觉声音不流畅的同学打0 版权归云舟所有 2012-9-14 版权归云舟所有 Review Review 3 Whats the AP environmental science ? Who is the
2、candidate? APES exam structure & style 2012-9-14 版权归云舟所有 The Macroscopic logic of APES 人类活动 环境污染 认识自然 Earth systems and resources (1015%) The living world (1015%) Population (1015%) Land and water use (1015%) Energy (1015%) Pollution (2530%) Global change (1015%) 2012-9-14 4 版权归云舟所有 Outline Global w
3、ater resources & use Q & A Soil & soil dynamics Earth science concepts The atmosphere 2012-9-14 5 版权归云舟所有 Structure of unit 1 Earth Systems & Resources Earth Science Concepts The Atmosphere Global Water Resources & Use Soil & Soil Dynamics Geological time scale Plate tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanis
4、m Seasons Solar intensity & latitude Composition Structure Weather & climate Atmospheric circulation & the Coriolis effect Atmosphere-ocean interactions ENSO Fresh water/saltwater Ocean circulation Agricultural, industrial, and domestic use Surface and ground water issues Global problems Conservatio
5、n Rock cycle Formation Composition Physical & chemical properties Main soil types Erosion & other problems Soil conservation 2012-9-14 6 Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有 Geological time scale Relative time scale Radiometric time scale Eon Eras Periods Epochs Stages 2012-9-14 7 Earth science concepts 版
6、权归云舟所有 Relative time scale 太古代 元生代 古生代 中生代 新生代 寒武纪 5.75.1 奥陶纪 5.14.38 二叠纪 2.92.5 石炭纪 3.852.9 泥盆纪 4.13.85 志留纪 4.384.1 三叠纪 2.52.05 侏罗纪 2.051.35 白垩纪 1.350.65 2012-9-14 8 Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有 The continental drift theory 2012-9-14 9 Plate tectonics Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有 The Seafloor S
7、preading Theory TransformPast earthquakesThe San Andreas Fault DivergentApart from Massive fault zones & Oceanic earthquake Mid-Atlantic Ridge The East Pacific Rise The East African Great Rift Valley ConvergentToward Subduction zone Orogonic belt next page 2012-9-14 10 Plate tectonics Earth science
8、concepts 版权归云舟所有 conver gent Oceanic-continental Oceanic trench/ Mountain range Cascade Mountain Range Oceanic-oceanicIsland arcJapan & the Aleutian Island Continental- continental Mountain range Himalayas 2012-9-14 11 Plate tectonics Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有 Effect Primary effect damage/injur
9、y Secondary effect rock slide/flooding The Richter Scale is really comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength (energy) of the quakes. Each whole number increase tenfold in amplitude / 32 times in energy 2012-9-14 12 Earthquake Subduction-zone-related earthquake generate the majo
10、rity of all tsunamis. Most tsunamis are generated in the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins. Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有 Active Intermittent Dormant Extinct 5% hot spots (magma come close to the surface) 95% sub-ductionzones mid-oceanic ridges Ejecta(lava rock Molten lava Toxic gases) Sulfate partic
11、le Acid rain New landforms Soil nutrient 2012-9-14 13 Volcanism Earth science concepts 版权归云舟所有2012-9-14 14 Soil formation Soil & soil dynamics 版权归云舟所有 Lower permeability Smallest particle Coarse particles Rock fragments Mixture Rich in nutrients Hold water Coarser than silt Poor holding capacity Goo
12、d aeration properties Sand & clay Easily transported by water 2012-9-14 15 Soil composition Soil & soil dynamics 版权归云舟所有 Gully erosion Soil moves off as a horizontal layer Fast-flowing water cuts small channels in the soil Extreme case of rill erosion 2012-9-14 16 Erosion & other problems Soil & soi
13、l dynamics 版权归云舟所有 Caused by Heavy rains Droughts Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions 2012-9-14 17 Erosion & other problems 山体滑坡 泥石流 Soil & soil dynamics 版权归云舟所有 Composition 18 2012-9-14 1998年真题，选择题第55题 The atmosphere 2008年真题，选择题第28题 版权归云舟所有 Weather occurs in this zone. Coldest layer, ice clouds occur he
14、remeteors Contain the ozone layer Aurora borealis occurs. 2012-9-14 19 Atmosphere structure The atmosphere 版权归云舟所有 Weatheris caused by the movement or transfer of heat energy. Climatedescribes the total of all weather occurring over a period of years in a given place. Energy can be transferred throu
15、gh radiation, conduction, convection. Convection is the primary determinant of weather patterns. Factors that influence climate Air pressure decreases with altitude. Low pressure produces cloudy and stormy weather High pressure is associated with fair weather. 2012-9-14 20 Weather & climate The atmo
16、sphere 版权归云舟所有2012-9-14 21 Rain shadow effect The atmosphere 版权归云舟所有 Freshwater and saltwater 2012-9-14 22 Global water resources & use The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following? (2008年真 题，选择题14) A the atmosphere B estuaries C lakes D rivers and streams E polar ice caps and glaciers 版权归云舟所有 Ocean circulation 10% surface ocean currents
