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1、Unit 9非谓语动词-动名词一、动名词定义动名词是由动词转化而来，在句中起名词的作用，但有保持动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成动名词短语。动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其形式是：doing；否定式是：not doing。二. 动名词的形式： （1）一般式： Seeing is believing. （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited. （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to
2、Guangzhou when he was five years old. 语态时态主 动被 动一般式 doing being done完成式having donehaving been done（5）否定式： 动名词否定式直接在动名词前加not。（not + 动名词）I regret not following his advice.Dont be angry with me for not having write to you. (我没给你写信请别生我的气。)She was angry about not having been invited. (她没被邀请很生气。)三、动名词的句法功
3、能动名词在句子中起名词的作用，可单独或引起短语作主语、表语、宾语、介词的宾语或定语。1.作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。如：Its no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling. Its no use reading the book.注意：There is no十 动名词短语 = It is impossible to doThere i
4、s no saying what may happen.不可能说将会发生什么事。There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。2.作表语My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。Her job is teaching English.她的工作是教英语。3.作宾语I enjoy listening to music我喜欢听音乐。Have yon finished reading the book？你看完了这本书没有？Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗户
5、好吗？常见的只能用动词动名词作宾语的动词suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get us
6、ed to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）注意下列词组的区别remember to do sth. 记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事 regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing 意味着，
7、意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing考虑做某事stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事 go on doing继续做同一件事如果动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如： We found it
8、 no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 think consider no useS + find + it + no good + V-ingfeel like useless I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.我发现争论这事没有用。Do you consider it any good trying again？你觉得再试会有好处吗？4.作介词的宾语He insisted on watching the football game.他坚持要看足球比赛。Thank you for helpi
9、ng me谢谢你帮助了我。We must prevent them from making trouble我们必须防止他们惹麻烦。 The children are fond of listening to stories.孩子们喜欢听故事。在下面这类句子中，介词in常可省 （1）Shave + trouble/difficulty/a problem /a struggle/a good time/ a hard time +(in) +V-ing（2）S+ spend timemoney（in）V-ing（3）sbe busy（in）V-ing（4）lose no time（in）V-in
10、g（立即做）They are busy（in）preparing for the examination.他们忙于准备考试。Do you have any difficulty（in）understanding spoken English? 你听懂英语口语有困难吗？I spent two hours（in） writing my composition.我花了两小时写作文。He lost no time（in） telling me the good news.他立即把这个关消息告诉了我。5.作定语There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游
11、泳池。His father works in a printing shop. 他父亲在一家印刷厂工作。Our teacher uses a very good teaching method我们老师的教学方法很好。四、动名词的复合结构 物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成动名词的复合结构。在这个结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是逻辑上的主语。动名词的复合结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语等。如：Do you mind my smoking？我可以抽烟吗？Your going there will help a lot你到那里对事情将大有帮助。 I remember Wei Fangs going ther
12、e我记得魏芳去那里了。如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常可以用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格），这比用所有格更自然些。如：I dont mind Xiao Li(him) going小李（他）去我没意见。Lao Lis（不用“Li”） going wont be of much help老李去不会有多大帮助。如果动名词的逻辑土语是无生命的东西，就多用普通格，不用所有格。如：The doctors are afraid of a relapse occurring in a few minutes医生们担心旧病复发。五.动名词和动词不定式的区别1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语一般来说，在表示比较
13、抽象的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：Their job is building houses他们的工作是盖房子。Our task now is to increase food production我们现在的任务是增产粮食。Smoking is prohibited.此地禁止吸烟。Its not good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟不好。2.在 like，hate，prefer等动词后如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语，如指特定或具体某次行动，用不定式时更多一些。如；I like reading books of
14、 this kind我喜欢看这类书。Id like to read that book我想看那本书。They prefer walking to cycling. 他们宁愿走路，不愿骑车。He prefers to stay at home today.今天他宁愿呆在家里。She hates smoking.她不喜欢吸烟。She hates to trouble you.她不愿意麻烦你。3.在begin，start后面 如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词，否则用不定式更多一些。如：We started working at eight.我们是八点开始工作的。Suddenly it
15、started to rain.突然下起雨来。They began building the dam in 1969.他们于1969年开始建造那个堤坝。I began to realize I had been wrong.我开始明白我错了。 The factory has ceased making bicycles. 这个工厂已经停止制造自行车。This has ceased to interest us.这已经不再使我们感兴趣了。注1：在某些情况下动词的性质可以决定用不定式还是动名词。一般来说，不能用于进行时态的动词多不用动名词的形式。如realize，see，lose等这类动词一般不宜用于进行时态。Only recently he began to realize that he was wrong只是到了最近他才开始认识到他错了。I hate to lose this
