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1、Unit 9 Grade 8 (下)Have You Ever Been to an Amusement Park?知识点拨 一、学习目标:1.掌握现在完成时的用法;2.了解一般过去时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义的区别;3.能够准确使用多种时态谈论自己的经历。 二、学习重点难点:1. 现在完成时由主语have/has过去分词构成。其主要用法如下:I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下,现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成,而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。例如:The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。 注意:
2、have gone to 和 have been to 在意义上有区别。例如:He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。)He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港,现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。)II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。例如:1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijin
3、g for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意:come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的,不能延续的,故不能与for ,since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过,这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用,即动作的不发生是可以持续的。例如:不能说:*He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the
4、Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以说:He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received h
5、is letter for almost a month.或者:It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来,一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身,与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下: I have clean
6、ed my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。注意:现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如
7、:yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用,但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如:already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用;也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如:today, this morning, this week, this year等)连用。例如:She has already finished her work. 她已经把工
8、作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗?Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。比较:I have seen him this morning .我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天)3. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时都可以表示“从过去开始一直
9、持续到现在”这一概念,有时两者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时;如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成时行时。比较:I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好几次了。I have been waiting for him for an hour. 我等他等了一小时。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。本周强化练习:一
10、、用括号中给出的词回答问题。1. Have you seen Mrs. Tang these days? (yes)_2. Have you played kites this spring? (no)_3. Have they watched the movie The Matrix Reloaded? (yes)_4. Has your mother ever been to Tibet? (never.)_5. How long have you played piano? (two hours)_6. How long has Tom listened to English songs
11、? (twelve years old)_7. How many English story books have they read this semester? (six)_8. How many cities have you visited? (twelve)_二、根据句意和所给首字母,填写单词完成句子。1.Has Shirley ever been to an a_ park?2.People in Europe are called E_.3.The United Kingdom, the United States and Australia are all E_ countri
12、es.4.It was Christopher Columbus who first d_ American continent.5.I like fruits, e_ sweet fruits, like watermelon and litchi.6.A flight a_ is someone who serves on an airplane.7.Mike is good at playing m_ instruments, such as guitar and saxophone.8.My sister has never been to a water park. N_ have
13、I.9.Zhang Ziyi and Yang Ziqiong are both famous a_.10.Coco Lee uses Latin music and other western styles to a_ fans from different countries.三、根据句意选择最佳答案,填在题前的括号里。( ) 1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been( ) 2. I _ my grandpa last Sunday.A. have visited B. visited C. was visiting( ) 3. She _ Shanghai for a month.A. has come to B. came to