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1、 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! 重点知识归纳解析重点单词:比较文学是一种以寻求人类文学共通规律和民族特色为宗旨的文学研究。它是以世界文学的眼光，运用比较的方法，对各种文学关系进行的跨文化的研究。一个国家或民族的文学思潮、文学运动队另一个国家或民族文学发展的影响,不同国家具体作家的相互影响1. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾 2. bottom n. 底部 3. coal n. 煤 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的 5. cost v.花费 n. 花费 6. wooden adj. 木制的 (wood n. 木材) 7. plastic ad
2、j. 塑料的n. 塑料 8. method n. 方法 9. cruel adj. 残酷的 10. harmful adj. 有害的 (harm n. 害处) 11. industry n. 工业 12. law n. 法律 13. afford v. 承担得起14. recycle v. 回收利用 15. gate n. 大门 16. bottle n. 瓶子 17. president n. 负责人 18. work n. 作品 19. metal n. 金属重点短语:1.make a difference 起作用；有影响 2. take part in 参加 3. turn off 关掉
3、 4. pay for 付费；付出代价 5. cut down 减少 6. lead to 导致 7. hear of 听说 8. cut off 切除9. throw away 扔掉 10. put sth. to good use 好好利用 11. put down 拆下 12. upside down 上下颠倒 13. bring back 恢复重点句型:1.Were trying to save the earth. 我们在努力拯救地球。2. The rive used to be so clean. 这河流过去是如此的清澈。3. The air is badly polluted.
4、空气被严重污染。4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。5. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brou
5、ght back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。【重点讲练】1. The air has become really polluted around here. 这儿的空气已经被污染了。辨析：turn, get 与become become多指身份、职位等的变化，它强调变化的过程已经完成，后面可接名词或形容词。He becomes a teacher. get多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”，后常接形容词的比较级形式。In winter the days get sh
6、orter. turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同，强调变化的结果。Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 【小试牛刀】用turn, get 和become填空。 Her mother _ angry when she heard the news. Its _ darker and darker outside. The milk has _ bad.2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共
7、汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。Youd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 【拓展】cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。They cut down the big tree. cut off 切断；切除cut into 把切成cut up 切碎cut in 插队【小试牛刀】单项选择Did you tell it to Jack? Yes, but we were _ in the mid
8、dle of our telephone conversation. A. cut downB. cut offC. cut upD. cut into 3. Its good for health and it doesnt cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。辨析：spend, cost, take, pay 花费主语表示的内容spend人宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。cost物或事后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。take事或人它说明事情完成“花费了”。pay 人意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱
9、”pay for人宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因【小试牛刀】单项选择1. Do you take exercise every day?Yes. I always _thirty minutes after supper. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay2. I _ $300 for the bike.A. tookB. spent C. cost D. paid4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。harmful
10、 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语be harmful to “对有害的”。Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。【拓展】harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语do harm to “对有害”，相当于be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 【小试牛刀】改为同义句。Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. Read
11、ing in the sun _ _ _ our eyes. 5. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？辨析：join, join in 和take part in join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。join in加入一种具体活动。take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?ShejoinedtheYou
12、ngPioneers.Whydidntyoujoininthetalklastnight?Did you take part in the sports meet?【小试牛刀】单项选择。1. Have you _ a club? Yes, Im in a swimming club and I often _ the swimming training. A. joined; take part inB. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in 2. Were going for a picnic. Would
13、 you like to_ us? Why not? Lets go! A. attendB. joinC. join inD. take part in 6. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。 afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can,could,beableto连用,多用于否定句中。Theycouldntafford$50foraticket. afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer. 【小试牛刀】单项选择。M
14、iss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities. A. affordB. allowC. remind D. pay7. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。【辨析】be made + 介词be made of “某物由制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）bemadefrom“某物由制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。bemadein“某物由某地制造”bemadeby“某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。bemadeinto某种原料制成某物bemadeupof某物由组成或构成【小试牛刀】单项选择。Books are made _ paper and paper is made _ wood.
