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1、如何读懂长难句？,The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to a general rules that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are one of the things we overlearn in the childhood.,英语和汉语 像？不像？,请翻译： 1.我爱你。 I love you. 2.我在心中爱你。 I love you in my heart.,英语和汉语 像？不像？,请翻译： 1.我
2、是个学生。 I am a student. 2.我是个高二的学生。 I am a student in Senior two.,英语语法入门级规律,主干部分： 汉语和英语基本一致 英语中有若干固定句型（如强调句/ it 做形式主语等句型） 修饰成分： 汉语多“前修”，而英语 较短修饰成分放在被修饰词前面 较长修饰成分放在被修饰词后面,把握英语句子，关键在于把握 “较长修饰成分”,1.介词短语 2.从句 3.非谓语动词,英语中的三种较长修饰成分,介词短语,定义：从介词开始到名词结束，表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构 结构：从介词开始到名词结束 at home; in the school beyo
3、nd my wildest imagination during my happy childhood over the last few years,介词短语,例句： After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.,介词短语,例句： (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in t
4、he afternoon), I returned (to my office).,从句,定义：由引导词引导的主谓结构 结构：引导词+主语+谓语+宾语， 引导词：that/ who/ whom/ why/ when/ where/ which/ how/ if/ although ,从句,【起始标识】从句一定从引导词开始（有时可省略），但有以下四种终止标识： 1.到句尾终止： Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English). 2.到逗号终止： (When I was young), I listened to the radio.,从句,【起始标识】从句一定
5、从引导词开始（有时可省略），但有以下四种终止标识： 3.到下一修饰成分终止： I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. 4.到下一个谓语动词终止： Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.,非谓语动词,定义：非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式，即动词的非谓语形式，主要包括动词不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词/ 过去分词） 由非谓语开头的、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短 结构
6、：非谓语动词+名词+副词,非谓语动词,【起始标识】非谓语动词一定从动词不定式(to do)；动名词(doing)；分词(现在分词doing/ 过去分词done)开始，同样有四种终止标识： 1.到句尾终止： Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English). 2.到句中的逗号终止： (To improve my English), I often chat with foreigners.,非谓语动词,【起始标识】非谓语动词一定从动词不定式(to do)；动名词(doing)；分词(现在分词doing/ 过去分词done)开始，同样有四种终止标识： 3.到下一修饰成分
7、终止： Jack walked in, (waving confidently) (to the audience). 4.到下一谓语动词终止： The house (made of wood) was built (to shelter the refugees).,(完型)He worked harder and ran longer than any of the others perhaps he sensed that the abilities that seemed to come _ to so many others did not come naturally to him
8、. A. strangely B. naturally C. surprisingly D. excitely,When , he explained that he had spent all his money he accidently got on a wrong bus and now was trying to go home. When , he explained that he had spent all his money _ he accidently got on a wrong bus and now was trying to go home.,The man lo
9、oking at his smart-phone while walking across the railway crossing in Nanjing _(have) a close knock on Oct. 2. Possibilities you never knew are waiting for you.,_ is responsible for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insectcides(杀虫剂) to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of dr
10、inking poisoned water. _ cause responsible for the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insectcides to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of drinking poison water.,如何读懂英语长难句？,读懂英语长难句的关键在于： 识破句子中的介短、从句、非谓语 从句 v.s. 非谓语 This is a tiger (which is running fast) (to the forest). This is a
11、 tiger (which is chased) (by a hunter). Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).,teaching,例句1： Li Hui is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China.,例句2：（2012年北京卷长难句） They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathmatics and face their studies with more confidence than
12、 they ever imagined. 注意：“and”是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要因素。（平行并列结构）,比较状语从句,例句3：（2012年新课标长难句） The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to a general rules that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are one of the things we overlearn in the childhood.,that,句子规律,主干成分,修饰成分
13、,基本句型汉英语序一致,此外还有若干高级句型,汉语中，修饰成分位于中心词之前,英语中， 较短修饰成分位于中心词之前， 较长修饰成分位于中心词之后,主谓宾,主系表,注：汉语中系动词常省略，如“我（感觉）热”,注：there be 句型； it + be + adj. + for sb to do sth； 强调句； 倒装句； 祈使句； 感叹句等,哪些短,哪些长,形容词 副词,介词短语 从句 非谓语动词,关于“平行并列结构”,定义：由“并列词”and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only but also/ both and/ either or / neither nor
14、 等，“含义相似、结构相同”的并列项连接起来构成的结构。 简记为“A and B”或“A, B and C”,原则上，只要“含义相似，结构相同”的东西都能并列。读句子时要注意意识到是谁和谁并列。 形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher. 动词并列：With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping. 副词并列：You are supposed to answer the fol
15、lowing questions quickly and accurately.,介短并列：And that government (of the people), (by the people) and (for the people) shall not perish (from the earth). 从句并列：Ive finished reading the book which was written by Mo Yan and which you lent me last month. 非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the p
16、ark. 整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.,句子规律,主干成分,修饰成分,基本句型汉英语序一致,此外还有若干高级句型,汉语中，修饰成分位于中心词之前,英语中， 较短修饰成分位于中心词之前， 较长修饰成分位于中心词之后,主谓宾,主系表,注：汉语中系动词常省略，如“我（感觉）热”,注：there be 句型； it + be + adj. + for sb to do sth； 强调句； 倒装句； 祈使句； 感叹句等,哪些短,哪些长,形容词 副词,介词短语 从句 非谓语动词,三个步骤读懂长难句,Step 1【预处理】：给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”(and, or, but, as well as等)加方框
