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1、2018年大连外国语大学英语学院661语言学之语言学教程考研核心题库一、Fill-in-the-blanks1 A_morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.【答案】bound【解析】粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。 2 Functional Sentence Perspective （FSP ） is a theory of linguistic analysis which describes how_is distributed in sentences.【答案】information【解
2、析】功能句子观是一套语言学分析理论，它是指用信息论的原理来分析话语或文本。3 The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist_in the beginning of the twentieth century.【答案】Saussure【解析】对语言的结构性分析方法是在20世纪初，由瑞士语言学家索绪尔开启的，他被称为“现代语言学之 父”和一位“使语言学走向现代的大师”。 4 In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of w
3、riting specific programs for language teaching , _has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.【答案】word processing【解析】计算机运用到第二语言教学中的第四个阶段，文字处理不再是为语言教学编写具体的程序，而是适应 语言教学，使学生用一种非永久性形式写作并能修改它们的作品。 5 The part of linguistics that s
4、tudies the language of literature is called_. It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.【答案】Stylistics【解析】文体学作为语言学的分支，主要研宄文学文体中语言的特征，并试图建立一些规则，以解释个体和社 团在语言使用过程中的特殊选择。 6 _is an approach that stresses the relationships of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generativ
5、e grammar developed by C J. Fillmore.【答案】Case Grammar【解析】格语法是美国语言学家菲尔墨在60代中期提出来的，它是着重探讨句法结构与语义之间关系的一种 语法理论和语义学理论。 7 Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present （in time andspace） at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as_.【答案】Di
6、splacement【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。 二、Short-answer-questions8 What are the major concerns of pragmatics?【答案】 Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is co
7、ncerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker （or writer） and interpreted by a listener （or reader） . It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsai
8、d but communicated.9 What is a syntactic category?【答案】 A syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of common characteristics. The classification is based on similar structure and sameness of distribution （the structural relationships between t
9、hese elements and other items in a larger grammatical structure） , and not on meaning. There are major and minor syntactic categories: major categories include all phrasal syntactic categories such as NP, VP, and PP, and word-level syntactic categories that serve as heads of phrasal syntactic catego
10、ries such as N and V; while minor categories are categories that do not project to a phrasal level such as the Yes-No question markers. More specifically , a syntactic category also refers to the defining properties of these general units : the categories of the noun, for example, include number, ge
11、nder and case; and the categories of the verb, for example, include tense, aspect and voice, etc. 10Cite an example to explain synchronic linguistics.Synchronic Linguistics is the description of a language at some point of time in history. It 【答案】focuses on the characteristics of the language at a c
12、ertain time. For example, when we study English, we learn about the vocabulary, the language points and oral English etc. At this time, we are learning English of current time in synchronic method. 11Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modem linguistics?【答案】 Saussure occupies such an important p
13、lace in the history of linguistics that he is often described as father of modem linguistics”：A. The book Course in General Linguistics （1916），which is the most important source of Saussure?s ideas, marked the beginning of modem linguistics.B.Saussure was the first to notice the complexities of lang
14、uage. He believed that language is a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the signifier and the signified.C.By providing answers to questions concerning many aspects of language, Saussure made clearthe object of study for linguistics as a science. His ideas on t
15、he arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units , on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics , etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage. 12Language can change through blending, metanalysis and borrowing. Give two English words
16、 to illustrate each of them.【答案】 1） blending : smog, brunch2）metanalysis : an apron （which was originally “a napron”）； an adder （which was originally “a nadder”）3）borrowing : tea, encore 三、Essay-question13Advantages and Disadvantages of Componential Analysis.【答案】 The componential analysis is a way to analyze the l
