《自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记.doc（96页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现象中真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到if这个词，如果我们在句子中看到if引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。如果句子中出现了wish这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish如果在句子中表达的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择were；如果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选择它的过去式；第二，如果
2、wish表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用had+过去分词（或would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果wish表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用were.I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟， 虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式had been done）.I wish you would go with us tomorr
3、ow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用would+ to 的形式。实战一下：A: You have made some mistakes.B:I wish I_ mistakes every day.A. dont make B. havent c. wouldnt have made D. didnt makeevery day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选D。A：What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?B: Thats very hard to say, but I wish I_A. h
4、ave not studied psychology B. did study psychology C. had studied psychology D. studied psychology句子中出现了were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选C。I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_ there. A. went B. was C. were D. had been 句子中出现了动词的过去式didnt go to, 说明是对过去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选D。if only 在虚拟语气中的解题技巧它表示的是“要是就好了
5、”。从这种翻译的语意当中我们可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！）举例： If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。Look at the terrible situation（局面） I am in ! If only I_ yo
6、ur advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听他的的意见。应选B（动词的过去完成式）If only I_ the examination!A. have passed B. pass C. will pass D. passed解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟，选D。If only she _of Aunt Ruth!（露丝）A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕）
7、 B. would be so not terribly frightenedC. will not be so terribly frightened D. were not so terribly frightened解析：虚拟语气中be 的用法仅为were/should be 形式，不可能出现is/was/has/will/shall等形式。排除A和C，那么if only 后面 有两种动词形式可以出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择D。If only I_ how to operate a computer!A. learned B. would learn C. have learned D
8、. had learned解析：排除B和C，说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选D。记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包括suggest（建议）,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask ,move,recommend
9、,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形do (当然包括被动状态be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写be done).They requested that he sing a song。我们必须首先发现requested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过可以是主动，可能是被动。She insisted that th
10、e seats be booked in advance. 首先发现insisted.实战：The city council ordered spitting_ on the streets.A. was prohibited(禁止) B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting解析：虽然ordered 后面没有that ,被动，选C。The teacher recommended（推荐） that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at
11、numbers.A. must study B. could study C. studied D. studyThe doctor urged（催促） that she _C_ an operation as early as possible. A. had B. has C. have D. would haveThe manager of the hotel requested that their guests _ after 11:00p.m. A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play lo
12、ud music D couldnt loud music解析：选B，should既可以省略，也可以添加。He suggested _D _to tomorrows exhibition(展览) together. A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称he/she/Jack人名等。回顾：m6f.If only I _D_ there. 华夏大地教育网V)Q4uGy#5GX#ga. have not been b. would not been 4N%ErwBEQ 华夏大地教育网9c
13、;N7E8c%c. will not be d. had not beenM.O ? gs9R&cF;T$C(i!P J%j:a*R5d q1G解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成,恭喜恭喜!华夏大地教育网W*IywU9ni z2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he _c_ no money. _i?s BR%P YUa4Ja. had b. has c. had had d. has had+AT Op+zJ中部石漠化综合防治水土保持区，要加强林草植被的保护与恢复，加强山洪地质灾害防治，加强石漠化综合治理，遏制石漠化蔓延，增强区域水土保持能力；东部
14、生物多样性保护水土保持区，要加强自然保护区建设和流域水土流失区综合治理，切实保护生物多样性和特有自然景观，增强森林生态系统功能。y 华夏大地教育网$_|Ae+解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑B和D,因为前面有would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊,用过去完成.选C.3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _C_ there.华夏大地教育网K4qn Ma. was b. were c. had been d. went7k$NxVr63gFE zmL)N#|G;L解析:答案正确.前面出现didnt,说明是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!华夏大地
15、教育网 z#j6K|I4. It is time we _B_ up our results.华夏大地教育网6E b TH:xa. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum华夏大地教育网1LQ,m*d)kS wm1CN解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式,恭喜恭喜!D2c$xN0c(fDj;CC华夏大地教育网T#H! q$E5.Dr Bethune( 白求恩) worked hard as if he _B_.华夏大地教育网+V S!D_5lj Y.z0jua. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired 0n v1GOpb9S/mSb8f,Mj Bc. never felt tired d . was tired never华夏大地教育网0m,m!mz&w Ux7I华夏大地教育网l*S2e
