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1、2017年黑龙江大学055综合朝鲜语之语言学教程复试仿真模拟三套题一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms1 Register【答案】 It is a speech variety used by a particular group of people , usually sharing the same occupation （e.g. doctors, lawyers） or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itself from others by having a number
2、 of distinctive words, by using words or phrases in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions （e.g. legal language）. 2 Back-formation【答案】 Back formation refers to an abnormal type of word formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer
3、 form already in the language. For example , the word “television” appeared before “televise”，and so does “editor” to “edit”. 3 Applied linguistics【答案】 It is a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics in reality. For example , there are studies on multilingualism, language
4、acquisition, first and second language teaching and learning. 4 Glottal Stop【答案】 V ocal tract is composed of oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed, no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop. 5 Predication analysis【答案】 Predic
5、ation analysis is an important step in the analysis of sentential meaning. The predication is the common category shared by propositions, questions, commands, etc. Such analysis is to break down the sentence into its smaller constituents: argument and predicate. The predicate is the major or pivotal
6、 element governing the argument. The argument is the logical participant. 6 Design features【答案】 Design features : It refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. 7 Assimilation【答案】 It is a process by which
7、one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization, dentalization and，velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation: if a following sound is influencing a preceding s
8、ound, it is regressive assimilation;the converse process, in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound, is known asprogressive assimilation. For example, in “mink”，“n”，which is originally pronounced asvelarized by the following “k”/k/，and therefore the word will be pronounced as 8 Ach
9、ievement test will be【答案】 Achievement test is a test which measures how much of a language someone has learned with reference to a particular course of study or program of instruction. 二、Essay-question9 How many semantic relations are there among sentences? Give examples.【答案】 There are basically six
10、:（1）Synonymy , e.g. X: “He was a bachelor all his life. Y: “He never married all his life.X is synonymous with Y.（2）Inconsistence , e.g. X: “Mark is married. Y: “Mark is a bachelor.”X is inconsistent with Y.（3）Entailment ，e.g. X: “Mark married a blonde heiress:”Y: “Mark married a blonde.”X entails Y
11、.（4）Presupposition , e.g. X: Johns bike needs repairing Y: John has a bike.X presupposes Y.（5）Contradiction , e. g. X: My unmarried aunt is married to a bachelor.”X is a contradiction.（6）Anomaly , e.g. X: The blackboard has a bad temper.”X is semantically anomalous. 10In informal speech , people oft
12、en omit sentence subjects because they are commonly understood. What are the omitted subjects in the following two sentences? Why do people know that these are the correct subjects?a.Hope you like everything here.b.Just imagine what has just happened here.【答案】 The omitted subject in sentence a is “I
13、 ” and the omitted subject in sentence b is usually “You”. This is a matter of sentence comprehension in language comprehension. Psycholinguists have proposed principles interpreting sentence comprehension with respect to the grammatical constraints. The most popular principle is “Minimal attachment
14、” which defines “structurally simpler”，and it claims that structural simplicity guides all initial analyses in sentence comprehension.In this view , the sentence processor constructs a single analysis of a sentence and attempts to interpret it. The first analysis is the one that requires the fewest
15、applications of grammatical rules to attach each incoming word into the structure being built; it is the automatic consequence of an effort to get some analysis constructed as soon as possible. In the first sentence, when “hope” as a verb is used to express the speaker?s desire and expectation for s
16、omething to happen, it conveys the will of the speaker. So , the subject of “hope” is usually the speaker her/himself and can be omitted when the two are talking to each other. When the speaker is making a s tatement and using “hope” to express other?s will , the subject will not be omitted.Therefore , according to “minimal attachment” princ
