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1、高考英语短文改错考点与套路（完整校验版）Part 1 考点规律1. 错词考点一、虚词选择错误 介词或副词选择错误：这种情况极为复杂，各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考：before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, i
2、f / unless, so as / so that, hardly when / no sooner than, while / when, till / until等。关系词选择错误：who/whom/whose，Which/that，what/which(that),(介词+)whom(which)/that,(it is.)that/when/where/how等。 感叹词选择错误：how/what。 代词选择错误：人称代词的格，如：l/me/my/mine。人称代词与反身代词，如：I (me)/myself。先行词it（作主语或宾语）与指示代词：it/that(this)。不定代词
3、与限定词：some/any, no/none/no one( nobodv), every/each, everyone/every one, aIVboth, any/either, none/neither, few/little, many/much, other/others/another. other/else, so/such(that)等。 冠饲选择错误：a/an，a(n)/the。 助动词、情态动词选择错误：need/must/can/may，must/have to。二、实词词形错误 名词词形错误：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式；名词的所有格，特别注意不规则
4、复数名词的所有格，如：the childrens；名词所有格的绝对形式。如：My son is older than my elder brothers. 动词词形错误：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易于混淆的词，如：lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay；hang(挂) / hang(绞死)；find / found(建立)；fall / fell(砍倒)；bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系)；在 to 后是用不定式还是
5、动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词)；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。 形容词与副词词形错误：是用原级、比较级还是最高级，是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和最高级。 词性选择错误：不同的词性充当不同的句子成分，要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能，不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意：连系动词后常用形容词充当表语，而不用副词。如：He feels cold. 作状语
6、用副词，而不用形容词。如：He works well.三、同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误。这里举一些常见的例子：acceptreceive, alive/living/lively, allow/let, alone/lonely, aloud/loudly, already/yet/still, also/too/either, number/amount/quantity, answer/reply, asleep/sleepy/sleeping, bring/ take/fetch/carry, clothes/clothing, deep/deeply, defeat/fail, co
7、st/spend/take/pay, hard/hardly, high/highly, ill/sick, job/work, late/lately, lend/borrow, near/nearly/nearby, likely/possible/probable, raise/rise, rob/steal. say/speak/tell/talk, sit/seat, sound/noise/voice, live/stay, very/much, try/manage, wide/widely, win/beat( defeat), wish/hope, worth/worthy。
8、还可能出现词序的错误，如：His both parentsboth his parents; Never I haveNever have I等，通过以下练习来进一步掌握短文改错的解题技巧。【配套练习】以下各句都有一处错词，请找出来。1. I have the same idea as his.2. Everyone of us is working hard in this factory.3. I have caught the bad cold for a week and I cant get rid of it4. This is the steel plant where we v
9、isited last week.5. Following the road and you will find the store.6. This is all what Dr. Smith said at the meeting.7. Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.8. Why dont you ask anybody else to help you?9. The pen is missing, for we cannot find it
10、 everywhere10. Sorry, I have no such a book.11. The two languages are not at all the same in neither spelling or grammar.12. Cant you remember tell me that the other clay? 13. He had changed so much that I could hardly know him.14. I knew from Joan that Mary had fallen ill.15. Would you please speak
11、 something about your family?16. The discovery is great importance in science.17. The experiment was much more easier than we had expected.【参考答案】1本题应将his改为he, as实际上引导的是定语从句，其中主语应用主格he，和主句中I并列。试比较：My idea is the same as his. his等于his idea，与主句中my idea并列。2everyone和anyone与表示范围的of介词短语连用时应分开写，如：every one
12、of us; any one of them.3动词catch是短暂性行为动词，这里表示“感染”，不能和类似for a week这样表示时间段的状语连用，应把；have caught改为have had.4visit是及物动词，关系副词where不能作它的宾语，所以应用关系代词that或which，也可省略。5根据句意，前句是条件，后句是结果，应用祈使句+and+含有将来时的陈述句。因此，须把Following改为：Follow。6what不能做关系代词，应把what改为that( all是不定代词，不能用关系代词which)，另外，由于关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，也可省略chat。本句另一个
13、改法是去掉all,这样，what从句作表语。7从句意中可知，which引导的从句说明了suggestion的内容，是同位语从句，不是定语从句。which不能引导同位语从句，应是that。定语从句起的是修饰和限制的作用。试比较：He agreed to the plan that we should finish ten units this term（他同意我们在本学期完成十个单元的掌习计划。）that引导的是同位语从句，指plan的具体内容，即什么计划。He agreed to the plan which(或that) was made at the meeting他同意大会上所制订的计划
14、。which或that从句是定语从句，修饰plan，指哪一个计划，并未涉及plan的内容。8本句表示的是说话人的建议，在表示建议、请求或征询意见的问句中不能用any，anything，anybody或anywhere，而要用some，something，somebody或somewhere。故应将anybody改为somebody。9否定句中应用anywhere表示全否定。not和everywhere连用是不完全否定，与前句意义不符。10本题有两种改法。把no改为not或去掉句中a，因为no等于not a。11neither须与nor搭配，either须与or搭配，但neither.nor_与
15、前面的not at all不符，而either.，or可与否定词连用，表示全否定。故应将neither改为either。12本句的意思应是“你不记得几天前你告诉过我那件事了吗？”remember周于一般现在时，指现在记得以前干过的事情，因此，tell应改为telling，表示以前干过的事。remember to do则表示记住要做某事，to do指未做的事。本题如用不定式，则全句意思不明。13从上文的“变化巨大”可确定下文是“几乎认不出”，而不是“几乎不认识”。因此，know应改为recognize。know是状态性动词，recognize是行为性动词，这里应用后者。14know from是受
16、中文“从某人那里知道”的影响，另一方面，know表示状态，不是行为性动词，而from sb应和行为动词连用。“从某人那里得知”“听某人说”，英语应说learn from sb或hear from sb.15speak的宾语常为表示语言的名词，如speak English，除此以外一般用作不及物动词，如speak to sb。本句应改为say something about。16importance与主语discovery非等同物，应用形容词important来说明discovery的性质，可是句中great不能修饰形容词，还须将great改为greatly才能修饰important但这种改法不符合语言改错的规则。我
