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1、被动语态被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaretaught一般过去时：wasweretaught一般将来时：willshallbetaught现在进行时：amisarebeingtaught过去进行时：havehasbeentaught现在完成时：havehasbeentaught 注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构 be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be+过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为
2、系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下： 1,如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。Theglassisbroken.(系表结构)Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy. (被动语态) 2，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态ThemagazineispublishedinShanghai.。(被动语态)Thedoorislocked. (系表结构)Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked. (被动语态)Theshopisopened. (系表结构)Theshopisopen
3、edat8a.m.everyday. (被动语态)3，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。三、被动语态的用法1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2把谓语变成
4、被动结构(be过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.=Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople. Theymakethebikesinthefactory.=Thebikesaremade by them inthefactory.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchi
5、ntwodays.=Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yououghttotakeitaway.=Itoughttobetakenaway.Theyshoulddoitatonce.=Itshouldbedoneatonce一选择填空 1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place
6、 B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenc
7、ed , die 5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8
8、. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken 9. The letter _ three days ago and it _ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that t
9、he final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given三. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子) 1. This house built 100 years ago. 2. Football plays in most countries of the world. _ 3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? _ 4. A garage is a plac
10、e where cars repair. _ 5. Where are you born? _ 6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _ 7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _ 8. When was invented the bicycle? _四. 填空(完成被动语态填空) 1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态) Their classroom _often _ by them a
11、fter school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上) A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week. 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上) English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上) English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish
12、these story-books next month. (同上) These story-books _ _ _ next month. 1. What we say here will not be long remembered.我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。2. We both believe that through vigilance and strength, in your words, a war can be postponed, and in our words, war can be avoided.我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；
13、用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。3， We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。4,. Products of the factory are well received by the wide customers.该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。5. He was dismissed for being too lazy.他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。6. The lecture is considered very important for beginners.大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。7. The new building having been installed, my work the
