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1、沈阳英语家教吴军高分教案中考系统 中考英语词形变化短文填空精品教案 与词形变化相关的语法基础知识有：(1) 名词单复数的相互转化，动词形容词向抽象名词和人称名词转化。可数名词的复数形式:一般名词： + s a book books辅音字母加y结尾： - y+ ies a storystories以s, sh, ch or x结尾： + es a glassglasses；a watch-watches以o结尾： +s 或+es a pianopianos a mangomangoes以f或fe结尾： - f 或fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves不规
2、则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,AmericanAmericans,GermanGermans, FrenchmanFrenchmen, EnglishmanEnglishmen不可数名词(没有复数形式):bread, rice, water, juice, new
3、s, information, advice,etc.动词形容词向抽象名词和人称名词转化：某些形容词+ness名词。如：sadness, kindness, illness, sickness, happiness(变y为i，再加ness)某些动词+er或or(的人) / ation / ment名词。如：listener, reader, player, writer, driver(结尾有e，只加r); visitor, actor, inventor; operateoperation, examineexamination; development, payment等。特殊变化的有：d
4、ifferent(形容词)difference(名词), confident(形容词)confidence(名词), difficult(形容词)difficulty(名词), dead(形容词)die(动词)death(名词), asleep(形容词)sleep(动词，名词)My uncle went to Shanghai on _ (busy) yesterday.Do you like white？We have shirts of different (colour). The were studying Russian. (science)They carried the woun
5、ded soldier to . (safe)Who can give me some (advise) on how to learn English well?We should try to make a _ (different) to make our world more beautiful.More and more _(foreign) have come to China these years.Their _ (fly) number is No.CA436.I hear they will come to our factory at the _ (begin) of O
6、ctober.铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教：024-主编人：吴军名词、主谓一致、介词、代词名 词【要点点拨】一.可数名词的复数构成规则:1.规则变化:加-s, -es;辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe变成ves;(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A(2)缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或s都可,如: some VIPs (VIPs); in his 50s / 50s;
7、 in the 1990s / 1990s; There are two ts in the word “letter”.2.不规则变化:(1)men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;(2)单复数形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工厂); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示种类);(3)只有复数形式:trousers, glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes; ashes; content
8、s(目录); goods; customs(海关); arms(武器);(4)复合名词的复数形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law(5)表示某国人的复数形式:A:单复一样:Chinese / Japanese) B:把man变成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)一、不可数名词1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示数量的词（组）及单位名词（量词），用得较多的有piece, article, bottle, head
9、, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle2.不可数名词具体化：These games are great successes; The party was a great success.二、名词的所有格：1.表示有生命的名
10、词后加s,如一样东西为几人共有，则在最后一个名词后加s: Jack and Toms room(两人共有的房间); Jacks and Toms rooms（两人各自的房间）；表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加s: Chinas industry; todays paper; ten minutes walk)2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词：at my aunts (house); at the doctors (office); go to the
11、 chemists (shop);3.双重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which等+名词+of +.s /名词性物主代词（表示“部分”的概念或表示某种感情色彩，如：赞赏、讨厌等）；比较：a friend of her mothers她母亲的一个朋友（强调她母亲的朋友中的一位，为双重所有格）a friend of her mother她母亲的朋友（强调两人间的关系，为of所有格）a picture of his bro
12、thers(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张，照片上不一定是他本人)a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一张照片，照片上就是他本人）三、名词作定语修饰名词：前一个名词表示后一个名词的特点、性质及用途；(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式，复数加在后面主体名词上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s);个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式：sales manager; sports meet;由man / woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数：men/ women doctors;(2)
13、比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义：a dust bag ( a bag for dust)装灰尘的袋子/ a dusty bag布满灰尘的袋子a chemical change化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一个化学老师a gold watch一只金表(表材质)/ a golden watch一只金黄色的表五.英语中”很多”的表达:只修饰可数名词:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of只修饰不可数名词:
14、 a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of)既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of【各个击破】1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _of his advertisement.A. standardB. levelC. messageD. promise2.-What do you think of his composition?-Much better, but theres still some _for improvement.A. spaceB. roomC. areaD. place3. Sometimes doctors make higher _ for their work than they should.A. billsB. chargesC. costsD. prices4. The _of a big snake
