单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,M2 U4,notes,,,1. aware a. 有意的,,,un,aware a. 无意的，不知不觉的,,e.g. be,aware,of = know about 知道,意识到,,***反义:be un,aware,of,,e.g. I,am unaware of,the danger.,,2.,,depend v. 依靠, 依赖,,depend,ent,a. 依靠的, 依赖的,,(反义：,in,dependent 独立的),,depend,ence,n.依赖,信赖,,*depend on,=,rely on 依靠, 依赖,,e.g. Do not,depend on,your parents all the time.,,,***3. help v. 帮助 n. 帮助,,e.g. Your advice is,a great help,.,,help,er,n. = assist,ant,助手,,e.g. They are our good,helpers,.,,help,ful,adj. 有益的, 有帮助的,,e.g. Computers,are helpful to,human beings.,,help,less,,adj. 无益的, 无帮助的,,需掌握的词组:,,help sb.,(to) do,sth. 帮助某人做某事,,help sb.,with,sth. 在某方面帮助某人,,can’t help doing,sth. 情不自禁做某事,,help yourself/yourselves to,sth. 自取/随便吃…,,with/without,the help of sb 在/不在某人的帮助下,,,4. important a. 重要的,,important,ly,ad. 重要地,,importan,ce,n. 重要性,,,un,important a. 不重要的 e.g. He is a man of great,importance,.,,Money is,unimportant,for him because he owns too much money.,,More,importantly,, we can use computers to serve people.,,,,5. operate v. 操作;运转;动手术,,e.g. operate railways = control railways,,***operate on sb. 给某人做手术,,operat,ion,n.,6. speak v. 讲话,,speak,er,n. 说话者；发言者；扬声器,,sp,eech,n. 演讲,,*e.g. give a speech 做演讲,,,,7. hide v. (hide - hid - hidden) 隐藏,,hid,den,a. 隐藏的,,e.g. hidden helpers,,a hidden danger 隐患,,a hidden meaning 言外之意,8. calculate v. 计算,,calculat,or,n. 计算器,,calcula,tion,,n. 计算, 推算,,e.g. They,calculate,fast and make few mistakes.,,Computers are super,calculators,.,,,,,9. electri,city,n. 电,,electric,al,,a. 与电有关的,,e.g.,electrical,,appliances,,,electric a. 发电的, 用电的,,e.g.,electric,,kettles/fans,,,electric,ian,n. 电工,,10. electron,n. 电子,,electr,on,ic,a. 电子的,,e.g. electronic calculators/brains/mails,,,electron,ics,n. 电子学,电子设备,,e.g. computer’s electronics 电脑元件,,,11. drive v. 驾驶 (drive – drove - driven),,n. 驱动器， 动力,,drive,r,n. 司机,,12. common a.平常的,普通的,,n. 平民,普通,公地,,* e.g. common knowledge,,commonly ad.普通地,,,,,13. hard a. 硬的；困难的,,e.g. a hard stone,,It is hard for me to,keep calm,.,,ad. 努力地，猛烈地,,e.g. word/study hard,,***hardly ad. 几乎不,,hardly ever =almost never 几乎从不（指时间）,,hardly any = almost none 几乎没有（指数量）,,e.g. 1). He,hardly ever,has time to go for a trip.,,2). People destroy a lot of trees but plant,,,hardly any,of them.,,,,***,not, no ( nothing, nobody, none), never, little, few, hardly, seldom, rarely,,这些词是否定词,在反意疑问句中遵循“,前否后肯,”的原则. e.g. They,rarely,practise playing tennis,,do,they?,,He ate,little,food,,did,he?,,,,但:,fail, dislike, disagree, impossible, unimportant, unlike, unhappy, useless, hopeless,等这类词只是具有否定的意义，不构成否定句，在反意疑问句中还得遵循,“,前肯后否,”,的原则。
e.g. She was,unhappy,all day,,wasn’t,she?,,It is,useless,to argue with them,,isn’t,it?,,,14.,问题的答案,the answer,to,the question,,通往剧院的入口 the entrance,to,the theatre,,门钥匙 the key,to,the door,,去他家的路 the way,to,his home,,解决问题的办法 the solution,to,the problem,15.,listen to,sb.,doing,sth. 听某人做某事,,,look at,sb.,doing,sth. 看某人做某事,,***(see, watch, hear, notice sb,doing,/do …),,,,16. 1).,raise,vt. 提高；筹集；养育；升起,,e.g. raise one’s head/voice/flag,,抬起头/提高声音/升国旗,,raise money 集资；筹款,,raise some questions 提出问题,,raise the pets 养宠物,,2).,rise,vi. 升起,起身,上升,上涨,,,,(*,vi.,,后面不跟名词。
如接, 需加,介词,才可以),,e.g.,rise to,,3 meters,,升到三米,,,rise by,,3 meters,,升了三米,,,The sun,rises,,in the east.,,The river,rose two feet,because of the rain.,,,17. be good/poor at …,擅长/不擅长做某事,,*be better,than,… at doing sth.,,,=,be better at,doing sth. than …,,比…更擅长做某事,,e.g. I,am better than,Ben,at,playing football.,18. in,history,历史上,,e.g. in human history 人类历史上,,in recent history 近代史上,,histor,ical,a. (有关)历史的,,e.g. the historical background 历史背景,,,19. there may be 也许有,,there must be 肯定有,,there can’t be 不可能有,,e.g. 1). There may be four new films on show,,this month.,,2). There must be someone else in the library.,,The light is on.,,3). There can’t be so many people in the hall.,,It’s not big enough.,,,20.,it,作为形式主语的几个用法：,,1). It is + n.,that-cl,,,that从句是真正的主语,,e.g. It is common knowledge,that computers,,,are super calculators,.,,2). It is + a.,that-cl,,e.g. It is possible,that we finish the work in,,,three days,.,,3). It is +a. (for sb.) to do sth.,,,to do sth.是真正的主语,,e.g. It is important for us,to study hard,.,,,1. know v. 知道，了解,,e.g. As we all know, … 众所周知，…,,know,ledge,n. 知识 e.g. common knowledge,,know,n,a. 已知的,有名的 e.g. be known as …,,,un,know,n,a. 未知的，不详的,,e.g. She is angry for some unknown reasons.,2. calculat,or,n. 计算器,,,visit,or,, act,or,, invent,or,, sail,or,, edit,or,,,,operat,or,(操作员),,,bus conduct,or,(售票员),,,collect,or,(收藏家),,,,3. mean v. 意思是,,e.g. What do you mean?,,mean,ing,n. 意思,,e.g. Do you know the meaning of this word?,,mean,ingful,a. 意味深长的,,e.g. He gave me a meaningful look.,,mean,ingless,a. 毫无意义的,,,4. in + 年 e.g. in 2010,,in the +年代 e.g. in the 2010s,,,5. obey the,command,s,,= obey the,order,s,,,the end,,,Comparison of adj./adv 形容词和副词的比较,,1. 比较级（两者相比）,,Peter can jump,higher than,Ben.,,Who jumps,higher,, Peter,or,Ben?,,*往往有些表示程度的词修饰比较级，,,如much, far, even, still, a little, a bit,,e.g. Peter’s computer is,far more expensive,,,than mine.,,2. 最高级（三者或以上相比）,,Ben is the cleverest boy,in his class,.,,Ben is the cleverest boy,of/among all the students,.,,Ben is the cleverest boy,I have ever seen/heard,.,,,,,3. 怎样+ er,,1). 一般单音节直接加er,,e.g. small,er,, high,er,,以不发音的e结尾的单音节直接+r,,e.g. nice,r,, fierce,r,,,一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节，双写+er,,e.g. big,ger,, thin,ner,,2). 多音节单词在原级前加 more,,e.g.,more,beautiful/popular,,3). 双音节词：,,a). 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i, + er,,e.g. heav,ier,, health,ier,, laz,ier,, eas,ier,, bus,ier,,,…,,,b). 以ly结尾的，前面加more,,e.g. more slowly/friendly …,,***earlier,,4) 不规则的,原级,比较级,最高级,good/well,,ill/bad/badly,,far,,much/many,,little,,old,better,,worse,,farther/further,,more,,less,,older/elder,best,,worst,,farthest/furthest,,most,,least,,oldest/eldest,,,4. 注意：,,1). 不能重复,,Peter is much,more heavier,than Ben. (误),,Peter is much heavier than Ben. (正),,2). 不能把被比较的对象含在比较的对象中。
Peter is much heavier than any boy in his class. (误),,Peter is much heavier than any other boy in his class. (正),,5. 好词、好句积累,,1). 越… 越… bigger and bigger,,more and more beautiful,,2).,The weather in Shanghai,is better than,that in Beijing,.,,,The more,you learn,,the better,you will understand.,,,,,6. 其他比较级形式：,,1). as + a./ad.(原级) + as,,Peter is,as clever as,Ben.,,2). not as/so … as 不如…,,Peter is not,so clever as,Ben.,,,7. 其它最高级的句式：,,,Ben is,one of the cleverest,boys in his class.,,Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,,,。