单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四六级考试系列讲座之二,段落信息匹配题,众里寻他千百度,蓦然回首，,那人却在，,灯火阑珊处,一、题型概要,长篇阅读（新题型）,文章长度,900,1200,词,题材,科普知识、社会文化和经济生活类文章,体裁,说明文或议论文,超纲词,不多于,5,个，如果超纲，括号注明汉语意思,考试时间,/,所占分值,15,分钟,/10%,设置题型,/,数量,信息匹配题,/10,道,二、考试形式,(,阅读,做题,),从样卷看，此次涉及改革题目的特点是：,1,、四级样卷：将,10,道题目信息配对到,9,个段落中；,2,、六级样卷：将,10,道题目信息配对到,15,个段落中；,3,、考试说明提到，某段可能被用到两次，而某段可能完全不被涉及4,、这类题型的出题形式为：题干给出原文的若干条细节信息，要求考生找出原文所在段落三、,考查内容,和难点,四六级组季会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：,You have to,identify,the paragraph from which the information is,derived,。
1,）,信息,提取,能力,-,寻找有特点的信息,Extracting,（,2,）,查找,定位,能力,-,跳读查读,Positioning,（,3,）同义词,替换,能力-,-,词汇变通,Paraphrasing,难点分析,1,、打破顺序原则：首先，作为匹配题代表，这种题型明显不会遵守其他主流题型的,“,顺序原则,”,，从文章开头到结尾定位的方法行不通,;,2,、题目均为长句形式：题目当中的表述通常是极其复杂和繁琐的名词短语或者长难句型，题干错中复杂的云山雾罩例如四级样卷,The number,of foreign students applying to U.S.universities,decreased sharply,after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.,注：长难句分析,3,、定位词模糊：这类题目往往,不会出现非常明显定位词,(,数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等等,),，即使侥幸被我们碰到一个，这个,定位词也通常和文章主题联系密切,，且出现多次，所以并没有太大实用意义，例如上题中的,U.S.;,4,、两题对一段的可能性增加干扰性。
此题并非是一个萝卜一个坑，有时一个坑里有两个萝卜这样最有效的排除法也就无用武之地所以，从上面四个特点不难看出，考试方的思路是希望考生能够,从头到尾读完,一遍文章，从,宏观和微观,两个方面全面掌握文章的结构和细节信息之后再进行解题的，但是这种思路对于阅读水平和单词量都有限的考生来说有些难，我们提出以下做题建议：,一、先看题再看文章（逆推）,1,、段落细节信息配对题的陈述虽然都是文章细节信息，但是表述基本都是围绕文章标题或者每一段落的主题进行描述的，通过快速阅读题干部分表述，可以迅速了解文章,主旨大意,如四级样卷中,Q1Q3,1 American,universities,prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.,2 Since the mid-1970s,the enrollment of,overseas students,has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.,3 The,enrollment of international students,will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.,熟悉四级场景词汇的同学一定认识：,university,enrollment,students,名词形式，文章关于美国大学教育或学生的主题就此迅速清楚；看过文章标题,Universities Branch Out,之后，通过快速预览这道段落细节信息配对题的题干部分，可以马上了解到文章所围绕的主题是美国大学的扩张，即使题干中的每一个表述并不是文章的,Topic sentence(,主旨句,),，但是却都与文章的主题息息相关的。
二、信息词定位,标志性定位词,特点：不易被改写，在文章中原样重现且容易定位到1.,精确数字，特殊文字（斜体和汉语注释）如,2,题,Since the mid-1970s,the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.,3.9 percent,.,就是一个精确数据，直接定位至,C,段如,1,题,American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.,D,段,helping place students in summer,internships(,实习,),abroad,信息词定位,-,标志性定位词,2.,大写或专有名词：人名，地名，机构名，书名3.,特定概念：合成词,university-based science,（,F,段）,，专业术语,globalization,；,global integration,，抽象名词。
如,8,题,Around the world,governments encourage the model of linking,university-based,science and industrial application.,定位,F,段,如,4,题,The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of,globalization,.,定位,E,段第一句,Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done.,如,9,题,Present-day universities have become a powerful force for,global integration,.,定位,A,段最后一句,global integration,如,3,题,The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its,competitiveness,.,定位,I,段,信息词定位,非标志性,定位词,在文中会出现，不能一目了然，可能被同义替换。
常用动词，形容词，副词第一种：相同词性的同义替换,4,题,E,段,Reshape-has changed;research is done-research is carried out.,第二种：词性同义替换,6,题,H,段,apply to,seek admission to;decrease sharply,a dramatic decline,第三种：同义、文与数的替换,2,题,-C,段,the mid-1970s,over the past three decades,最高级、程度词Mostthe best,同义替换训练,Internet,Net,Web,Cyber,赛博,In the virtual world,In the electronic world,In the wired world,make money,earn money,make fortune,profit,make/get/gain/reap/,obtain a profit,同义替换训练,improve/raise,increase,enhance,boost/advance,strengthen,soar/surge,skyrocket,猛涨,ascend,fall,drop/reduce,decline/decrease descend/diminish,downgrade,lessen/shrink,minimize,plunge/slump,大跌,cut down,三、读文做题,1,、三点阅读原则,抓重点，切要害,段首句。
段中逻辑关系：,转折,but however,，递进,not only but also,，让步,although though,，列举,for example,，,on one hand,on the other hand,段末句But at the same time,the opening,of national borders to the flow of goods,services,information and especially people,has made universities a powerful force,for global integration,mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.,而定位至本句后，根据长难句中关注谓语宾语结构或表语结构，重点位置再次被定位至：,has made universities a powerful force,，以此句去匹配剩余题目即可浏览至,9,题，发现：,Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.,则答题成功。
同理，,F,段重点句包含,BUT,The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible:,浏览至,8,题，发现,Around the world,governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.,则答题成功四、查漏补缺,做第一遍无法确定的题目，结合每段的主题，话题词和态度方向筛选可能是对原文的归纳和概括已对应两个句子的段落可放弃如,3,题,The enrollment,of international students,will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.,原文：,but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home.They,fail to,grasp that,welcoming foreign students,to the United States has two important positive effects:,总结段落信息匹配题的做法：,1,、先看题再回文章，包含两步：关注主题（主标题或副标题）,+,定位简单特殊明确的位置（如特殊数据）。
2,、速读文章再看题，需要关注重点词汇区域3,、最后。