《专题7 动词与动词短语+课件-+2025年中考英语语法专题复习（泸州）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题7 动词与动词短语+课件-+2025年中考英语语法专题复习（泸州）（46页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题七动词与动词短语,2,1,语法突破,知识梳理,知识导图,3,语法专练,直击中考,知识导图,语法突破,知识梳理,大部分动词需要根据句子的人称,、,数和时态在原形的基础上进行词形变化,，,其变化形式有第三人称单数形式,、,现在分词,、,过去式和,过去,分词,。,知识点,动词的词形变化,1,变化形式,变化规则,例词,第三人称,单数形式,在动词原形后加,-,s,run,runs,以,s,，,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾的动词,，,在词尾加,-,es,teach,teaches,以,“,辅音字母,y,”,结尾的动词,，,先改,y,为,i,，,再加,-,es,study,studies,巧记：四川西施
2、,变化,形式,变化规则,例词,现在分词,在动词原形后加,-,ing,read,reading,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的动词,，,去掉,e,再加,-,ing,live,living,以重读闭音节结尾的动词,，,先双写词尾的辅音字母,，,再加,-,ing,sit,sitting,少数以,ie,结尾的动词要变,ie,为,y,，,再加,-,ing,die,dying,lie,lying,变化形式,变化规则,例词,过去式与,过去分词,(,规则变化,),在动词原形后加,-,ed,work,worked,以,“,辅音字母,y,”,结尾的动词,，,先改,y,为,i,，,再加,-,ed,carry,carri
3、ed,以重读闭音节结尾的动词,，,先双写词尾的辅音字母,，,再加,-,ed,stop,stopped,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的动词,，,直接加,-,d,live,lived,动词分为实义动词,、,系动词,、,助动词和情态动词,。,其中实义动词是主要考查点,。,(,情态动词在专题八进行讲解,),1,.,实义动词,实义动词本身具有实际意义,，,表示动作或状态,，,在句中能独立作谓语,。,其分类及用法如下,：,知识点,动词的分类,2,分类,用法,例句,按句法,功能分,及物,动词,本身意义不完整,，,需要接宾语才能使意义完整,Please,open,the,window,.,请打开窗户,。,不及物,
4、动词,本身意义完整,，,无需接宾语,若不及物动词要接宾语,，,其后需加适当的介词,He,works,hard,.,他努力工作,。,I,like,listening,to,music,.,我喜欢听音乐,。,分类,用法,例句,按动作发生,的方式,、,发生过程的长短分,延续性,动词,表示能够延续的动作,，,可以与表示时间段的状语,(,for,时间段,，,since,时间点,，,since,从句,),连用,。,如,：,learn,，,work,，,keep,，,sleep,，,live,等,I,have,lived,here,for,five,years,.,我在这儿住了五年了,。,非延续,性动词,也
5、称瞬间动词,，,表示不能延续的动作,，,动作发生后立即结束,，,不能与表示时间段的状语连用,。,如,：,open,，,die,，,begin,，,finish,，,come,，,borrow,，,lend,，,buy,等,I,borrowed,a,book,from,the,library,.,我从图书馆借了一本书,。,2,.,系动词,系动词用于连接主语和表语,，,表示主语的身份,、,性质和状态等,。,系动词后面必须跟形容词,、,名词或介词短语等作表语,。,分类,词义,例句,表状态,：,be,(,am/is/are,),是,He,is,my,uncle,.,他是我的叔叔,。,表持续,：,kee
6、p/stay/remain,保持,They,always,keep,silent,.,他们总是保持沉默,。,分类,词义,例句,表变化,：,become/get/go/turn,变得,It,is,getting,dark,.,天色渐渐暗了,。,表感官,feel,感觉,The,cloth,feels,soft,.,这块布摸起来很柔软,。,look,看起来,My,mother,looks,very,young,.,我的妈妈看起来很年轻,。,sound,听起来,That,sounds,interesting,.,那听起来很有趣,。,smell,闻起来,The,flowers,smell,sweet,.
7、,这些花闻起来很香,。,taste,尝起来,The,soup,tastes,terrible,.,这汤尝起来很糟糕,。,3,.,助动词,助动词不能独立作谓语,，,只能和动词,(,主要是实义动词,),一起构成谓语,，,用于帮助形成否定句或疑问句,，,以及在句中构成时态,、,语态等语法形式,。,助动词的具体用法如下,：,助动词,功能,例句,be,(,am/is/are,，,was/were,),构成现在进行时,：,am/is/are,现在分词,I,am,listening,to,music,.,我正在听音乐,。,构成过去进行时,：,was/were,现在分词,I,was,taking,a,show
8、er,at,8,：,00,last,night,.,昨晚八点我正在洗澡,。,构成一般将来时,：,am/is/are,going,to,动词原形,They,are,going,to,have,a,trip,next,month,.,下个月他们将要去旅行,。,构成被动语态,：,be,(,am/is/are/was/were,),过去分词,Many,trees,are,planted,every,year,.,每年种植很多树,。,助动词,功能,例句,do/does/did,构成疑问句,、,否定句,Do,you,like,reading,？,你喜欢阅读吗,？,He,didn,t,go,to,schoo
9、l,yesterday,.,他昨天没有去上学,。,构成否定祈使句,：,Don,t,动词原形,Don,t,arrive,late,for,class,.,上课不要迟到,。,用于倒装句,Lucy,doesn,t,like,playing,the,violin,，,neither,do,I,.,露西不喜欢拉小提琴,，,我也不喜欢,。,have/,has/had,构成现在完成时,：,have/has,过去分词,构成过去完成时,：,had,过去分词,I,have,taught,English,in,the,school,for,three,years,.,我已在这所学校教了三年英语了,。,助动词,功能,
10、例句,will/shall/,would,构成一般将来时,：,will/shall,动词原形,构成过去将来时,：,would,动词原形,She,will,go,to,Beijing,next,Monday,.,下周一她将去北京,。,注,：,助动词在省略句中的运用为了避免重复,，,一些句子常常省略与前文相同的谓语动词,，,而用相应的助动词代替,。,助动词要与句子的人称,、,时态一致,。,这种用法也用于一般疑问句的简略回答中,。,如,：,She won,t go there,，,but I will,.,(,用助动词,will,代替,will go there,),Did she finish h
11、er homework,？,Yes,，,she did,.,(,用助动词,did,代替,finished her homework,),动词短语是指动词跟介词或副词等构成的固定短语,。,常见的动词短语有以下几种,：,1,.,动词,介词,在此类动词短语中,，,宾语,(,名词或代词宾格,),只能位于介词后面,。,如,：,arrive at/in,，,ask for,，,come from,，,laugh at,，,look after,，,wait for,等,。,知识点,动词短语,3,2,.,动词,副词,在此类动词短语中,，,宾语为代词,(,宾格,),时,，,只能位于动词和副词之间,；,宾语为名
12、词时,，,一般位于副词之后,。,如,：,find out,，,give up,，,put off,，,turn on,等,。,3,.,动词,副词,介词,在此类动词短语中,，,宾语只能位于介词后面,。,如,：,come up with,，,get along with,，,look forward to,等,。,4,.,动词,名词,介词,在此类动词短语中,，,名词之前可加形容词来修饰,，,宾语只能位于介词后面,。,如,：,make friends with,，,pay attention to,，,take part in,，,make full use of,等,。,语法专练,直击中考,单项选
13、择,(,),1,.,(,2024,安徽,),With its famous mountains,，,lakes,，,and towns,，,Anhui has so much to,tourists,.,A,.,guardB,.,offer,C,.,pushD,.,cost,(,),2,.,(,2024,安徽,),There can be some trouble at the beginning,，,but things will,well in the end,.,A,.,break upB,.,give up,C,.,set outD,.,turn out,B,D,(,),3,.,(,2
14、024,连云港,),The movie,Chang,An,China,s rich history and culture to people around the world,.,A,.,protectsB,.,compares,C,.,introducesD,.,discovers,(,),4,.,(,2024,连云港,),To live a green life,，,we should remember,to,=the lights when we leave a room,.,A,.,turn onB,.,turn off,C,.,turn upD,.,turn down,C,B,(,
15、),5,.,(,2024,达州改编,),Coco,，,I can,t understand the meaning of this word,.,You,d better,the word in your dictionary,.,A,.,look forB,.,look up,C,.,look afterD,.,look down,(,),6,.,(,2024,台湾,),Tomorrow is Sam,s last day in the office,.,Nobody knows why he decided to,.,A,.,hideB,.,leave,C,.,packD,.,walk,B
16、,B,(,),7,.,(,2024,台湾,),Jasmine planned to spend her summer in the country,，,but right after she got there,，,she started to,the noise in the city,.,A,.,enjoyB,.,mind,C,.,missD,.,notice,(,),8,.,(,2024,无锡,),I know how busy you are and I won,t,too much of your time,.,A,.,take upB,.,set up,C,.,make upD,.,put up,C,A,(,),9,.,(,2024,无锡,),I couldn,t,what else he has to say,.,Everyone knows that,s a lie,.,A,.,supposeB,.,imagine,C,.,realizeD,.,consider,(,),10,.,(,2024,长春,),Mom,，,could I,the TV,？,I want to
