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1、专题十一 非谓语动词,动词不定式,考点,1,1.,动词不定式的基本形式为,:to+,动词原形,其否定形式为,:not to+,动词原形。,2.,动词不定式的用法,句法功能,说明,例句,作主语,常用,it,作形式主语,真正的主语是后置的不定式。常用句型,:It,is+,adj.,(+of/for,sb.)+to,do,sth.,To,swim,here,is,very,dangerous.=It,is,very,dangerous,to,swim,here.,在这儿游泳很危险。,句法功能,说明,例句,作表语,常位于,be,动词之后,My,job,is,to,clean,classrooms.,我
2、的工作就是打扫教室。,作宾语,一般只作某些动词的宾语,I,decide,to,go,on,a,trip,to,Beijing.,我决定去北京旅游。,作宾语补足语,在使役动词,make,let,和感官动词,hear,see,watch,等后,省略不定式,to,My,mother,allows,me,to,watch,TV,for,a,while,every,night.,我妈妈允许我每晚看一会儿电视。,句法功能,说明,例句,作定语,常放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语,Do,you,have,anything,to,do?,你有要做的事吗,?,作状语,一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语,We,
3、get,up,early,every,morning,to,catch,the,early,bus.,我们每天早上早起是为了赶早班车。,与疑问词,(what,how,who,which,when,),构成,不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等,I,really,dont,know,what,to,do,next.,我真的不知道下一步该怎么办。,常见的只能跟不定式作宾语的动词,决定学会有希望,(decide,learn,wish,hope,expect,),同意,计划莫假装,(agree,plan,pretend,),胆敢,拒绝会失败,(dare,refuse,fail,),准备,设法来帮忙
4、,(prepare,manage,help,),提供,请求负担起,(offer,beg,afford,),答应,安排理应当,(promise,arrange,be supposed,),以上,后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘,。,巧记口诀,动名词,考点,2,1.,动名词由动词的,ing,形式构成,其否定形式为,not+doing,。,2.,动名词的用法,句法功能,说明,例句,作主语,单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,Playing,too,much,games,is,bad,for,your,study.,玩太多游戏不利于你的学习。,句法功能,说明,例句,作宾语,动词,宾语,表示一般的习惯性行为或经
5、常性的动作,I,like,watching,TV,very,much.,我很喜欢看电视。,介词,宾语,要注意,to,在短语中作介词的情况,I,am,looking,forward,to,meeting,her.,我盼望着和她见面。,作表语,多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换为作主语,Your,task,is,cleaning,the,windows.=,Cleaning,the,windows,is,your,task.,你的任务就是擦窗户。,作定语,只表明所修饰词的用途等,位于所修饰词之前,I,bought,a,new,washing,machine,last,month.,我上个月买了一台新的
6、洗衣机。,常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词,(,短语,),喜欢不断提建议,(enjoy,keep,suggest),盼望习惯却完毕,(look forward to,be used to,finish),想要花费去练习,(feel like,spend,practice),忍俊不禁还介意,(cant help,mind),避免放弃不拖延,(avoid,give up,put off),忙于考虑很值得,(be busy,consider,be worth),以上后跟动名词,一定要注意,(pay attention to),。,巧记口诀,有些动词,(,短语,),后既可接不定式也可接动名词,但意义有很大
7、不同。如,:,分词,考点,3,1.,分词有现在分词,(ing,形式,),和过去分词,(,通常是,ed,形式,),两种。既可构成时态,又常作宾语补足语、状语等句子成分,。,2.,分词的,用法,句法功能,说明,例句,作定语,单个分词作定语常位于所修饰词的前面,分词短语作定语常位于所修饰词的后面。现在分词表示主动、进行意义,过去分词表示被动、完成意义,He,rushed,into,the,burning,house.,他冲进着火的房子。,He,is,a,man,loved,by,all.,他是一个受大家爱戴的人。,句法功能,说明,例句,作状语,现在分词作伴随状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,She,
8、sat,down,listening,to,their,talk.,她坐下来,听他们谈话。,作表语,现在分词表示主语的性质、特征等,;,过去分词表示某种状态,The,story,is,very,interesting.,那个故事非常有趣。,Im,interested,in,that,book.,我对那本书感兴趣。,句法功能,说明,例句,作宾语,补足语,宾语与补足语为主动关系或表示动作正在进行用现在分词,;,反之,为被动关系或动作已完成用过去分词,I,heard,a,little,boy,crying,in,the,small,house.,我听见有个小男孩正在小房子里哭泣。,一、单项选择。,(
9、),1.(2024,达州,)Qiqi hopes,medicine in Sichuan University.,A.studies,B.studying,C.to,study,(),2.(2024,泸州改编,),healthy,we students always do morning exercises every day at school.,A.Keep,B.To,keep,C.Keeping,C,B,(),3.(2024,遂宁改编,)Daddy,the MidAutumn Festival is coming.Could you please tell me,for grandpar
10、ents?,You can buy some mooncakes,fruits and flowers for them.,A.how to buy,B.what,to,buy C.where,to buy,(),4.(2024,凉山,),teenagers,eyesight,experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.,A.Protect,B.To,protect,C.Protecting,B,B,(),5.(2024,云南改编,)Our headmaster will invite a scientist,us a s
11、peech on space technology.,A.to give,B.given,C.giving,(),6.(2024,扬州改编,)China has made great efforts,other countries build highspeed railways.,A.help,B.to,help,C.helping,(),7.(2024,龙东,)It makes me,to watch National Womens Volleyball Teams matches.,A.feel exciting,B.to,feel,excited C.feel,excited,A,B,
12、C,(),8.(2024,天津改编,)People may use different body language,the same feelings.,A.show,B.to,show,C.showed,(),9.(2024,绥化,)My little brother suggested,for a walk.,A.to go,B.going,C.goes,(),10.Miss Li,can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?,Certainly.I advise you,a diary in English every day.,A.
13、to keep,B.keeping,C.keep,B,B,A,(),11.(2024,徐州改编,)Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal,time.,A.eat,B.to,eat,C.eating,(),12.(2023,镇江改编,)Travellers cant wait,their new tours in the coming holiday.,A.to start,B.starting,C.started,(),13.(2024,内蒙古改编,)The teachers used to,
14、key points on the blackboard,but now they are getting used to,them through PPTs.,A.write;showing,B.writing;show C.writing;showing,C,A,A,(),14.(2023,扬州改编,)Science is my favourite subject,so I have prepared,the STEAM Club.,A.join,B.joining,C.to,join,(),15.(2024,西藏改编,)I think,resolutions at the beginni
15、ng of a year is a good way to improve our lives.,A.making,B.make,C.made,(),16.(2023,徐州改编,)I have decided to go to Beijing and,one of my old friends there.,A.visiting,B.visit,C.visits,C,A,B,(),17.I have less homework than before.,Me too.Now we have enough time,books.,A.read,B.reading,C.to,read,(),18.
16、(2024,绥化,)The tea,in China,to many different countries and places each year.,A.is made;sent,B.made;sent C.made;is,sent,(),19.(2024,成都三模,)My sister won the competition last weekend and got high praise from my parents,an example for me.,A.to set,B.setting,C.set,C,C,B,(),20.,the people locked inside,the firemen broke down the door.,A.Reach,B.To,reach,C.Reaching,(),21.(2024,自贡,)To save energy,dont forget,the light before you leave the room.,A.turn off,B.turning,off,C.to,turn off,(),22.There are only
