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1、专题一名词,2,1,语法突破,知识梳理,知识导图,3,语法专练,直击中考,知识导图,语法突破,知识梳理,知识点,名词的分类,1,类别,意义,示例,普通名词,可数,名词,个体名词,表示某类人或东西中的个体,student,，,pen,集体名词,表示若干个体组成的,集合体,(,形单意复,),people,，,family,(,家人,),不可数,名词,物质名词,表示无法分为个体的实物,tea,，,sand,，,bread,抽象名词,表示动作,、,状态,、,品质,、,感情等抽象概念,work,，,time,，,happiness,类别,意义,示例,专有名词,表示地名,、,人名,、,语言,、,组织机构,
2、、,月份,、,星期,、,节日等,(,专有名词的首字母需要大写,),Hubei,，,Tom,，,Chinese,，,the,Great,Wall,，,January,，,the,Dragon,Boat,Festival,1,.,可数名词,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,，,其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种,。,(,1,),可数名词变复数的规则变化,知识点,名词的数,2,类别,构成方式,示例,一般情况,在词尾加,s,key,keys,month,months,以,s,，,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾的,词,在词尾加,es,box,boxes,dish,dishes,watch,watches,
3、以,“,辅音字母,y,”,结尾的词,变,y,为,i,，,再加,es,story,stories,country,countries,巧记：四川西施,类别,构成方式,示例,以,f,或,fe,结,尾,的词,变,f,或,fe,为,v,，,再,加,es,leaf,leaves,knife,knives,scarf,scarfs/scarves,以,o,结尾的词,以辅音字母加,o,结尾的或表示有生命的词,，,加,es,hero,heroes,superhero,superheroes,potato,potatoes,tomato,tomatoes,以元音字母加,o,结尾的或表示无生命的词,，,加,s,r
4、adio,radios,video,videos,piano,pianos,photo,photos,注,：,部分以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词变复数时,，,直接在词尾加,s,。,如,：,roof,roofs,，,belief,beliefs,(,2,),可数名词变复数的不规则变化,类别,变化方法,示例,内部元音,字母变化,变,a,为,e,man,men,woman,women,policeman,policemen,变,oo,为,ee,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,goose,geese,词尾发生变化,词尾加词缀,ox,oxen,child,children,单复数,形式相同,不
5、变,sheep,sheep,deer,deer,fish,fish,类别,变化方法,示例,表示,“,某国人,”,中,、,日,、,瑞士不变,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,Swiss,Swiss,英法联盟,a,变,e,(,man,men,),Englishman,Englishmen,Frenchman,Frenchmen,其他词尾加,s,German,Germans,Russian,Russians,American,Americans,Indian,Indians,注,：,部分名词通常只以复数形式出现,。,如,：,glasses,眼镜,clothes,衣服
6、,trousers,长裤,scissors,剪刀,chopsticks,筷子,(,3,),复合名词的复数形式,类别,变化规则,示例,一般情况,把复合名词的中心词变复数,an,apple,tree,apple,trees,第一部分为,man,或,woman,两部分皆变复数,a,man,teacher,men,teachers,a,woman,doctor,women,doctors,2,.,不可数名词,(,1,),不可数名词没有复数形式,，,也不能用不定冠词,a/an,或数词,直接,修饰,。,(,2,),不可数名词作主语时,，,谓语动词用单数形式,。,(,3,),常见不可数名词有,：,music
7、,音乐,，,news,新闻,，,advice,建议,，,work,工作,，,information,信息,，,weather,天气,，,experience,经验等,。,(,4,),不可数名词的量化,类别,用法,示例,大概的数量,much,，,little,，,a,little,，,a,bit,of,，,some,，,any,，,a,lot,of,，,plenty,of,等,不可数名词,much,bread,许多面包,a,little,milk,一点牛奶,a,lot,of,work,大量工作,具体的数量,a/an/one,量词,(,可数名词单数,),of,不可数名词,a,bowl,of,wat
8、er,一碗水,数词,(,1,),量词,(,可数名词复数,),of,不可数名词,two,cups,of,tea,两杯茶,3,.,有些名词既可作可数名词,，,也可作不可数名词,，,但其意义不同,名词,可数的,意义,不可数,的意义,名词,可数的,意义,不可数,的意义,orange,橘子,橙汁,paper,文件,、,试卷,纸,fish,鱼,鱼肉,wood,树林,木头,、,木材,chicken,小鸡,鸡肉,room,房间,空间,water,水域,水,work,作品,工作,glass,玻璃杯,玻璃,time,次数,、,倍数,时间,名词所有格表示所属关系,。,有,s,所有格,、,of,所有格和双重所有格三种
9、形式,，,具体用法如下,：,知识点,名词的所有格,3,类型,用法,构成方式,示例,s,所,有,格,有生命的单数名词,在词尾加,“,s,”,my,sister,s,book,我妹妹的书,有生命的复数名词,以,s,结尾,，,词尾加,“,”,Teachers,Day,教师节,Children,s,Day,儿童节,不以,s,结尾,，,词尾加,“,s,”,类型,用法,构成方式,示例,s,所有格,某物为几人共同所有,在最后一个所有者后加,“,s,”,Mike,and,Ben,s,room,迈克和本的房间,(,共同所有,),某物为几人各自所有,在每个所有者后加,“,s,”,Mike,s,and,Ben,s,
10、rooms,迈克,(,的房间,),和本的房间,(,各自所有,),类型,用法,构成方式,示例,s,所有格,部分表示时间,、,距离,、,国家,、,机构等的名词,单数在词尾加,“,s,”,复数在词尾加,“,”,five,minutes,walk,(,步行,),五分钟的路程,表示,“,店铺,”,、,“,诊所,”,、,“,办公室,”,、,“,某人家,”,等处所,名词后加,“,s,”,省略被修饰的表示地点的名词,at,the,dentist,s,在牙医诊所,go,to,my,aunt,s,去我姑姑家,类型,用法,构成方式,示例,of,所有格,无生命名词的所属关系,名词,of,名词,(,前者属于后者,),a
11、,map,of,China,一幅中国地图,双重所,有格,既表示所属关系,，,又表示数量,of,名词,s,所有格,a,friend,of,my,father,s,我爸爸的一个朋友,of,名词性物主代词,a,new,book,of,hers,她的一本新书,注,：,部分名词的所有格不用,s,或,of,所有格表示,，,而是用,to,表示,，,如,：,the answer to the question,这个问题的答案,，,the key to the door,这扇门的钥匙,，,the way to success,(,通向,),成功的道路,语法专练,直击中考,单项选择,(,),1,.,(,2024,
12、安徽,),Art serves as a,between different nations,.,Yes,.,It really helps cross,cultural communication,.,A,.,river,B,.,wall,C,.,palace,D,.,bridge,D,(,),2,.,(,2024,福建改编,),I like the,in that restaurant near our school,.,Me,，,too,.,They have the best cooks in our town,.,A,.,foodB,.,service,C,.,environment
13、D,.,music,(,),3,.,(,2024,白银,),Linda is afraid of the dark,.,She even leaves,the,on while sleeping,.,A,.,screenB,.,radio,C,.,fanD,.,light,A,D,(,),4,.,(,2024,广西改编,),Jimmy likes reading,，,so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some,.,A,.,rulersB,.,bags,C,.,booksD,.,erasers,(,),5,.,(,2024,齐齐哈尔改编,),The
14、 movie is popular with students,.,Do you know the,？,It tells the real life of the students,.,A,.,resultB,.,reason,C,.,choiceD,.,chance,C,B,(,),6,.,(,2024,西藏,),There are many famous,in the Chinese history,.,A,.,woman hero,B,.,women heroes,C,.,women hero,D,.,woman heroes,B,(,),7,.,(,2024,西藏,),father w
15、orks in the police station,.,A,.,Eric and Helen,s,B,.,Eric and Helen,C,.,Eric,s and Helen,D,.,Eric,s and Helen,s,A,(,),8,.,(,2024,扬州,),Do you know why zebrafish are taken to,Shenzhou,18,？,They have,like small size and short development cycle,.,A,.,stagesB,.,advantages,C,.,messagesD,.,passages,(,),9,
16、.,(,2024,江西,),I like acting and I,m in the,group at school,.,A,.,theaterB,.,chess,C,.,speechD,.,ping,pong,B,A,(,),10,.,(,2024,乐山改编,),World Sleep Day falls on March 21st,.,Do you think sleep is important,？,I think so,.,Sleeping well can give you enough,.,A,.,courageB,.,energy,C,.,reasonD,.,money,B,(,),11,.,(,2024,凉山改编,),Here is my family,.,We took it last month,.,What a happy family,！,A,.,photoB,.,name,C,.,memberD,.,party,(,),12,.,(,2024,福建改编,),It is a good,to do some reading before you go to bed
