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1、专题十二句子的种类,2,1,语法突破,知识梳理,知识导图,3,语法专练,直击中考,知识导图,(,注,：,并列句与复合句在专题十四进行讲解,),语法突破,知识梳理,简单句通常只由一个主语,(,或并列主语,),和一个谓语,(,或并列谓语,),构成,，,按句子功能一般分为陈述句,、,疑问句,、,祈使句和感叹句,。,知识点,简单句,1,类型,例句,备注,主语,谓语,(,不及物动词,),We,study,hard,.,我们努力学习,。,某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语,，,如,listen,to,等,主语,谓语,(,及物动词,),宾语,I,like,apples,.,我喜欢苹果,。,宾语为代词时,，,
2、要用宾格代词,类型,例句,备注,主语,系动词,表语,The,girl,is,kind,.,这个女孩很友好,。,表语多为名词或形容词,，,系动词,look,，,taste,，,smell,等后面常跟形容词作表语,主语,谓语,(,及物动词,),间接宾语,直接宾语,She,bought,me,a,card,.,她给我买了一张卡片,。,常见的此类动词,：,give,，,buy,，,show,，,pass,等,主语,谓语,(,及物动词,),宾语,宾语补足语,He,made,the,baby,cry,.,他把这个婴儿弄哭了,。,常见的此类动词,：,make,，,keep,，,let,，,see,，,hea
3、r,，,notice,等,知识点,陈述句,2,类型,用途,例句,肯定句,肯定的陈述,，,表示,“,是如此,”,They,usually,go,to,school,by,bike,.,他们经常骑自行车去上学,。,否定句,否定的陈述,，,表示,“,不是如此,”,They,won,t,go,to,the,park,tomorrow,.,他们明天不去公园,。,注,：,否定句是在,be,动词,、,助动词或情态动词后加,not,，,常用缩略形式,，,要注意人称,、,时态的一致,。,知识点,疑问句,3,类型,句型,例句,一般,疑问句,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,主语,表语,/,动词原形,/,分词,
4、？,答语,：,Yes,，,主语,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,；,No,，,主语,be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,not,Are,you,a,student,？,你是,学,生,吗,？,Yes,，,I,am,.,/No,，,I,m,not,.,是的,，,我是,。,/,不,，,我不是,。,类型,句型,例句,特殊,疑问句,特殊疑问词,一般,疑,问句,？,What,are,you,doing,？,你在做什么,？,I,am,reading,a,book,.,我在看书,。,选择,疑问句,一般疑问句,or,另一个选择项,？,特殊疑问句,选择项,or,另一个选择项,？,Do,you,like,E
5、nglish,or,math,？,你喜欢英语还是数学,？,English,.,英语,。,类型,句型,例句,反意,疑问句,陈述句,/,祈使句,简短问句,(,前肯后否,，,前否后肯,),？,You,used,to,be,short,，,didn,t,you,？,你过去长得矮,，,是吗,？,Yes,，,I,did,.,是的,。,/No,，,I,didn,t,.,不是的,。,常见疑问词,(,组,),及其用法,：,who,询问身份,which,询问特定的事或物,whose,询问所有者,what,询问具体信息,(,电话号码地址等,),when,询问时间,why,询问原因,where,询问地点,，,位置,h
6、ow,询问方式,(,怎样,),祈使句表示请求,、,命令,、,劝告,、,叮嘱,、,号召,、,建议等,。,知识点,祈使句,4,类型,结构,例句,肯定,祈使句,动词原形,其他,Come,in,，,please,.,请进,。,Let,宾语,动词原形,其他,Let,s,go,！,我们走吧,！,Be,表语,其他,Be,careful,，,please,.,请小心,。,否定,祈使句,Don,t/Never,动词原形,其他,Don,t,do,that,again,！,不要再那样做,！,No,名词,/,动名词,其他,No,parking,here,！,这儿禁止停车,！,感叹句是表示说话时的惊异,、,喜悦,、,气
7、愤,、,哀伤等强烈感情的句子,。,通常由,what,或,how,引导,，,what,后以名词为中心,，,how,后以形容词或副词为中心,，,句末常用感叹号,。,知识点,感叹句,5,类型,结构,例句,What,型,What,a/an,形容词,可数名词的单数形式,(,主语,谓语,),！,What,a,beautiful,girl,she,is,！,她是多么漂亮的一个女孩啊,！,What,形容词,可数名词的复数形式,/,不可数名词,(,主语,谓语,),！,What,important,jobs,they,have,done,！,他们做了多么重要的工作啊,！,What,sweet,water,it,i
8、s,！,多么甜的水啊,！,类型,结构,例句,How,型,How,形容词,a/an,可数名词的单数,形式,(,主语,谓语,),！,How,beautiful,a,picture,it,is,！,多么漂亮的一幅画啊,！,How,形容词,/,副词,(,主语,谓语,),！,How,cute,the,dog,is,！,这只狗多么可爱啊,！,How,主语,谓语,！,How,time,flies,！,时间过得多么快啊,！,There be,句型表示,“,某地或某时有某人或某物,”,，,there,是引导词,，,没有实际意义,，,句中的,be,与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致,。,知识点,There be,句
9、型,6,就近原则,1,.,There be,句型的常用结构,类型,句型,例句,一般,现在时,There,is/are,sb,.,/sth,.,地点状语,There,is,an,apple,on,the,desk,.,桌上有一个苹果,。,一般,过去时,There,was/were,sb,.,/sth,.,地点状语,/,表示过去的时间状语,There,were,many,people,in,the,theater,last,night,.,昨晚剧院里有很多人,。,类型,句型,例句,一般,将,来,时,There,will,be,(,is/are,going,to,be,),sb,.,/sth,.,地
10、点状语,/,表示将来的时间状语,There,is,going,to,be,a,basketball,match,next,Friday,.,下周五将有一场篮球比赛,。,与情态动,词连用,There,情态动词,be,sb,.,/sth,.,地点状语,/,时间状语,There,must,be,some,cute,animals,in,the,zoo,.,动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物,。,2,.,There be,句型的句式变化,句式,变化规则,例句,否定句,一般是在,be,动词后面加,not,There,isn,t,any,water,in,the,bottle,.,瓶子里没有水,。,一般,疑问句
11、,一般是把,be,动词提前到句首,Are,there,many,people,in,the,park,on,weekends,？,周末公园里有很多人吗,？,Yes,，,there,are,.,/No,，,there,aren,t,.,是的,，,有,。,/,不,，,没有,。,语法专练,直击中考,单项选择,(,),1,.,(,2024,遂宁,),Hi,，,guys,！,Our team won the first place in the table tennis match,.,exciting news it is,！,We are so happy about it,.,A,.,WhatB,
12、.,How,C,.,What anD,.,How an,A,(,),2,.,(,2024,云南,),meaningful day,！,We volunteered to clean up our city park,.,A,.,HowB,.,What,C,.,What aD,.,What an,(,),3,.,(,2024,宿迁,),fine weather,！,It,s a good match for going on a picnic,.,Exactly,.,I simply can,t wait,！,A,.,HowB,.,What,C,.,How aD,.,What a,C,B,(,)
13、,4,.,(,2024,乐山改编,),amazing it is,！,The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in Tiangong space station,.,A,.,WhatB,.,How,C,.,What anD,.,How an,(,),5,.,(,2024,绥化改编,),“,Li Ming,，,your homework first,，,and you can watch TV for 30 minutes,，,”,said his mum,.,A,.,doesB,.,did,C,.,doD,.,doing
14、,B,C,(,),6,.,(,2024,绥化改编,),It was sunny several minutes ago,，,but it,s raining heavily now,！,difference a day makes,！,A,.,WhatB,.,What a,C,.,HowD,.,How a,(,),7,.,(,2024,长春,),helpful the speech is,！,It tells us to use the Internet safely,.,A,.,WhatB,.,What a,C,.,HowD,.,What an,B,C,(,),8,.,(,2024,成都,)
15、,do you visit your grandparents,？,Usually twice a month,.,A,.,How longB,.,How often,C,.,How farD,.,How much,(,),9,.,(,2024,西藏,),He,have breakfast because he woke up late this morning,.,A,.,doesB,.,did,C,.,doesn,tD,.,didn,t,B,D,(,),10,.,(,2024,福建改编,),is the biggest blue whale,？,As I know,，,it weighs
16、about 181,，,000 kilos,.,A,.,How heavyB,.,How long,C,.,How wideD,.,How many,(,),11,.,(,2024,白银,),have you been learning English,？,For 7 years,.,A,.,How oldB,.,How long,C,.,How oftenD,.,How big,A,B,(,),12,.,(,2024,白银,),was the zipper invented,？,In 1893,.,A,.,WhenB,.,How,C,.,WhyD,.,Where,(,),13,.,(,2024,天津,),Only after he had spoken out the word,he had made a big mistake,.,A,.,did he realizeB,.,he realized,C,.,he did realizeD,.,didn,t he realize,A,A,(,),14,.,(,2024,龙东改编,),The old man never feels lo
