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1、专题九非谓语动词,2,1,语法突破,知识梳理,知识导图,3,语法专练,直击中考,知识导图,语法突破,知识梳理,1,.,动词不定式的基本形式,to,动词原形,，,其否定形式为,not to,动词原形,(,要注意省略,to,的动词不定式,),。,知识点,动词不定式,1,2,.,动词不定式的用法,功能,用法,例句,作主语,位于句首,，,谓语动词常用单数,To,speak,English,well,isn,t,an,easy,job,.,说好英语不是一件容易的事,。,功能,用法,例句,作宾语,只能接不定式作宾语,，,且多用来表示命令,、,打算或希望的动词,(,词组,),有,would,like,，,l
2、ike,，,want,，,wish,，,hope,，,decide,，,plan,，,expect,等,It,was,sunny,and,hot,，,so,we,decided,to,go,to,the,beach,near,our,hotel,.,天气晴朗而且炎热,，,因此我们决定去宾馆附近的沙滩,。,在,find,，,think,后面接不定式作宾语时,，,常用,it,作形式宾语,，,而将真正的宾语放在句尾,I,find,it,easy,to,read,English,every,day,.,我发现每天读英语很容易,。,功能,用法,例句,作宾语,常见的一些不带,to,的动词不定式,：,why
3、,not,do,.,，,would,rather,do,，,had,better,(,not,),do,.,，,could/would/will,you,please,do,.,I,would,rather,stay,at,home,.,我宁愿待在家里,。,功能,用法,例句,作宾语补足语,tell,，,ask,，,want,，,allow,，,would,like,，,encourage,后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语,，,宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,My,parents,don,t,allow,me,to,hang,out,with,my,friends,.,我的父母不允许我和我的朋
4、友们闲逛,。,一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,，,这时不定式要省略,to,。,这些动词有一感,(,feel,),，,二听,(,hear,，,listen,to,),，,三让,(,let,，,make,，,have,),，,四看,(,look,at,，,see,，,watch,，,notice,),。,但变为被动语态时,，,to,要还原,Sad,movies,make,me,cry,.,悲伤的电影让我哭泣,。,功能,用法,例句,作定语,不定式作定语时,，,应放在被修饰词之后,There,is,nothing,to,worry,about,.,没有什么可担心的,。,功能,用法,例句,作状语
5、,不定式作状语的逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,，,在句中表原因或目的,She,volunteers,there,once,a,week,to,help,kids,learn,to,read,.,她一周在那里做一次志愿者,，,帮助孩子们学习如何阅读,。,不定式作状语可位于句末,，,在句中表结果,He,returned,home,to,learn,his,son,had,gone,to,the,countryside,.,他返回家中获悉他的儿子已经去了乡下,。,常用句型,：,主语,be,happy/glad/pleased/angry/sorry/careful/ready,to,do,sth,.,
6、I,m,glad,to,see,you,again,.,很高兴再次见到你,。,功能,用法,例句,作表语,不定式可直接跟在连系动词后作表语,Our,plan,is,to,set,up,another,middle,school,for,the,children,.,我们的计划是为孩子们创办另一所中学,。,3,.,常见结构,结构,例句,too,to,because,they,ll,be,too,lazy,to,cook,.,因为他们太懒了而不想做饭,。,prefer,to,do,rather,than,do,She,prefers,to,read,books,at,home,rather,than
7、,go,out,for,a,walk,.,她宁愿在家读书也不愿外出散步,。,疑问词,不定式,The,question,is,where,to,find,the,water,.,问题是哪儿能找到水源,。,结构,例句,It,s,adj,.,/,n,.,不定式,In,Switzerland,，,it,s,very,important,to,be,on,time,.,在瑞士,，,守时很重要,。,It,s,great,fun,to,swim,in,the,river,in,summer,.,夏天在河里游泳很有趣,。,4,.,常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词,【巧记口诀】,决定学会有希望,(,decide,，
8、,learn,，,wish,，,hope,，,expect,),，,同意计划莫假装,(,agree,，,plan,，,pretend,),，,胆敢拒绝会失败,(,dare,，,refuse,，,fail,),，,准备设法来帮忙,(,prepare,，,manage,，,help,),，,提供请求负担起,(,offer,，,beg,，,afford,),，,答应安排理应当,(,promise,，,arrange,，,be,supposed,),，,以上后跟不定式,，,劝君牢记永不忘。,动词原形,ing,，,其否定形式为,not,doing,1,.,动名词的用法,知识点,动名词,2,句法功能,说明
9、,例句,作主语,单个动名词作主语,，,谓语动词用单数形式,Playing,games,too,much,is,bad,for,your,study,.,游戏玩得太多不利于你的学习,。,句法功能,说明,例句,作 宾 语,动词,宾语,表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性的动作,I,like,watching,TV,very,much,.,我很喜欢看电视,。,介词,宾语,用于介词后面,；,此句中,to,为介词,I,am,looking,forward,to,meeting,her,.,我盼望着和她见面,。,句法功能,说明,例句,作表语,多数情况下,，,动名词作表语可转换为作主语,Your,task,is,c
10、leaning,the,windows,.,Cleaning,the,windows,is,your,task,.,你的任务就是擦窗户,。,作定语,只表明所修饰词的用途等,，,位于所修饰词之前,I,bought,a,new,washing,machine,last,month,.,我上个月买了一台新洗衣机,。,2,.,常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词,(,短语,),【巧记口诀】,喜爱不断提建议,(,enjoy,，,keep,，,suggest,),，,盼望习惯却完毕,(,look,forward,to,，,be,used,to,，,finish,),，,想要练习去想象,(,feel,like,，,
11、practice,，,imagine,),，,忍俊不禁还介意,(,can,t,help,，,mind,),，,避免放弃不拖延,(,avoid,，,give,up,，,put,off,),，,忙于考虑很值得,(,be,busy,，,consider,，,be,worth,),，,以上后跟动名词,，,劝君一定要注意,(,pay,attention,to,),。,3,.,有些动词后接不定式与动名词时意义不同,，,常见的这类,动词,如下,：,(,1,),stop doing sth,.,停止做某事,stop to do sth,.,停下来去做另一件事,(,2,),forget doing sth,.,
12、忘记做过某事,(,事情已做,),forget to do sth,.,忘记要去做某事,(,事情未做,),(,3,),remember doing sth,.,记得做过某事,(,事情已做,),remember to do sth,.,记着要去做某事,(,事情未做,),(,4,),try doing sth,.,尝试着去做某事,try to do sth,.,设法或努力去做某事,(,5,),go on doing sth,.,继续不停地做同一件事,go on to do sth,.,做完一件事,，,接着去做另一件事,(,6,),regret doing sth,.,后悔做过某事,regret to
13、 do sth,.,遗憾要做某事,(,7,),mean doing sth,.,意味着做某事,mean to do sth,.,打算做某事,(,8,),allow doing sth,.,允许做某事,allow sb,.,to do sth,.,允许某人做某事,分词分为现在分词和过去分词,。,现在分词的基本形式是,“,动词原形,-,ing,”,，,过去分词的基本形式是,“,动词原形,-,ed,”,，,但也有不规则形式,。,两者的区别为现在分词有主动,、,进行之意,，,过去分词有被动,、,完成,之,意,。,知识点,分词,3,用法,说明,例句,作定语,现在分词作定语,，,现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻
14、辑上是主动关系,；,过去分词作定语,，,过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系,The,woman,standing,at,the,door,is,my,English,teacher,.,站在门口的那位女士是我的英语老师,。,I,know,the,girl,called,Lily,.,我认识那个叫莉莉的女孩,。,用法,说明,例句,作状语,现在分词作状语时,，,其逻辑主语为句子的主语,The,students,went,out,of,the,classroom,，,talking,and,laughing,.,学生们又说又笑地走出了教室,。,作表语,现在分词表示主语的性质,、,特征,；,过去
15、分词表示人或物的某种状态,The,book,was,rather,boring,.,这本书相当无趣,。,The,boy,is,too,frightened,to,move,.,这个男孩吓得不敢动了,。,用法,说明,例句,作补语,现在分词作宾语补足语,，,宾语是它的逻辑主语,；,过去分词作宾语补足语,，,宾语是它的逻辑宾语,Don,t,keep,us,waiting,for,too,long,.,不要让我们等太久,。,He,ll,have,his,hair,cut,after,school,.,他放学后要去剪头发,。,语法专练,直击中考,单项选择,(,),1,.,(,2024,达州改编,),Qi
16、qi hopes,medicine in Sichuan University,.,A,.,studies,B,.,studying,C,.,to study,D,.,studied,C,(,),2,.,(,2024,泸州,),healthy,，,we students always do morning exercises every day at school,.,A,.,KeepB,.,To keep,C,.,KeepingD,.,Keeps,(,),3,.,(,2024,遂宁,),Daddy,，,the,Mid,-,Autumn,Festival,is,coming,.,Could,you please tell me,for grandparents,？,You can buy some mooncakes,，,fruits and flowers for them,.,A,.,how to buyB,.,what to buy,C,.,where to buyD,.,when to buy,B,B,(,),4,.,(,2024,凉山改编,),teenagers,eyesig
