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1、完成句子,完成句子题的目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力。要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚,运用准确。,(,一,),做完成句子时应注意的几个问题,1.,注意时态。,2.,句子的成分不变。原句的句子成分在改变句型时仍不可缺少,否则句子不完整。但有一个例外,在陈述句改为感叹句时,要增加句子成分,感叹词,what,和,how,分别为按句子的要求而增加的定语或状语,句子其他成分不变。,3.,反复推敲,确保无误。改变句型后要看看意思是否与要求相符,有没有语法和习惯用法方面的错误,。,(,二,),完成句子的解题应试技巧,1.,必须弄清原句的句型和意思并判别改写后的句子是什么句型。如,:
2、,例,1 The little girl was so tired that she couldnt go farther.(,改为同义句,),The little girl was,tired,go farther.,解析,too;to,通过分析,我们不难发现,该题是由复合句转换为简单句,应用,too to,句型。,例,2 It took him two hours to do these exercises yesterday.(,改为同义句,),He,two hours,these exercises yesterday.,解析,spent;on/doing,该句的句型是,It take
3、s sb.some time to do sth.,相当于,sb.spend some time on sth.,或,sb.spend some time(in)doing sth.,句型。注意时态为一般过去时。,例,3 I must take good care of my sister at home.(,改为同义句,),I must _,my sister well at home.,解析,look after,根据我们所学过的同义词组,take good care of sb.,相当于,look after sb.well,。,例,4 He was too weak to carry
4、the heavy box.(,改为同义句,),He was not _ _ to carry the heavy box.,解析,strong enough,很明显,这是两个简单句之间的转换,可用,strong enough,来填空。,2.,要熟悉常用句型的转换规律。,从近年的考题趋势来看,句型转换从单纯测试语法知识向改变句子结构填空,填词后使句意不变或与要求相符的方向发展。其中许多属于常用句型。可归纳如下,:,(1),肯定句变为一般疑问句或否定句,a.,变为一般疑问句时,be,动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如,:,例,1 He was so clever.,_,_ so clever
5、?,例,2 John felt happy at that time.,_,John,_,happy at that time?,例,3 We can fly to the moon one day.,_,_,fly to the moon one day?,Was,he,Did,feel,Can,you/we,b.,变为否定句时,be,动词、助动词或情态动词后加,not,。如,:,例,1 The twins were happy to see their uncle.,The twins,_,_,to see their uncle.,例,2 Mr.Smith works hard ever
6、y day.,Mr.Smith,_,_,hard every day.,例,3 The doctor could help that person.,The doctor,_,_,that person.,werent,happy,doesnt,work,couldnt,help,c.,如果肯定句中含有,some,and,a lot of/lots of,already,too/also,both and,everything,everyone/everybody,always,等词,(,组,),在否定句中要依次变为,any,or,much/many,yet,either,neither no
7、r,nothing,nobody,never,等。如,:,例,1 They had lots of friends in China.,They,_,have,_,friends in China.,例,2,I could dance and sing when I was five years old.,I,_,dance,_,sing when I was five years old.,didnt,many,couldnt,or,d.,否定前移。如,:,He can make a model plane,I think.,I,_,think he,_,make a model plane
8、.,e.,一些特殊结构变否定句时,在动词,(,词组,),前直接加,not,。如,:,例,1,Mother told me to go to bed early last night.,Mother told me,_,_,go to bed early last night.,例,2 Lets play basketball on the playground this afternoon.,Lets,_,_,basketball on the playground this afternoon.,另外,还有,ask sb.(not)to do sth.,Will you please(not
9、)do sth.?,had better(not)do sth.,try(not)to do sth.,decide(not)to do sth.,等,。,dont,can,not,to,not,play,(2),对划线部分提问,对划线部分提问是根据划线的内容提出一个特殊疑问句。即特殊疑问词,+,一般疑问句构成。,a.,划线部分如是定语,它所修饰的词要跟随特殊疑问词移至句前。如,:,例,1 This is,Kates,hat.,_,_,is this?,例,2 The man,in the car,is my fathers friend.,_,_,is your fathers friend
10、?,Whose,hat,Which,man,b.,划线部分如是谓语动词,应该用,do,的形式来取代。如,:,例,1 They are,looking for the boy,in the city.,_,are they,_,in the city?,例,2 Ann,flew to Beijing,last year.,What,_,Ann,_,last year?,c.,常见疑问词,(,组,):what,what+,名词,(,如,what colour,what grade,等,),when,why,where,who(whom),which,whose,how,how+,形容词,/,副词,
11、(,如,how long,how far,how often,how soon,等,),。要注意以上各种疑问词,(,组,),的用法。,What,doing,did,do,(3),改为反意疑问句,反意疑问句的前半句为陈述句,后半句为简短的一般疑问句,在改写当中,要注意,:,a.,前肯后否,前否后肯。,b.,人称、时态和数要保持一致。,c.,对于各种祈使句,反意疑问句的后半句都用,will you,但,Lets,句型用,shall we,。,d.,注意一些特殊词,如,little,few,no,nothing,never,seldom,等出现时,前半句表示否定的概念,后半句应用肯定形式。如,:,例
12、,1 Class 3 were the winners in the race,_,_?,例,2 The man couldnt climb up the tree,_,_?,例,3 There is little water in the bottle,_,_?,例,4 Dont tell him the bad news,_,_?,另外,注意以下句子,:,例,1 I am a student,_,_?,例,2 What a kind girl,_,_?,例,3 How fast the boy runs,_,_?,werent,they,could,he,is,there,will,you
13、,arent,I,isnt,she,doesnt,he,(4),复合句变为简单句,由复合句变为简单句时,一般都是将复合句中的从句改为不定式形式,或是介词短语的形式。比如,so that,可以改写成,too to,结构的简单句,但应注意,to,后面必须直接跟行为动词的原形。如,:,例,1 He was so young that he cant read.,He was,_,young,_,read.,例,2 We cant live without air or water.,We cant live,_,there,_,no air or water.,例,3 I dont know wha
14、t I can do.,I dont know,_,_,do.,too,to,if/when,is,what,to,(5),同义句转换如,:,例,1 Li Ping does well in English.,Li Ping is,_,_,English.,例,2 I can mend the bike.Li Lei can,too.,I can mend the bike,and,_,_,Li Lei.,例,3 You cant take both the basketball and the football.,You can take,_,the basketball,_,the foo
15、tball.,good,at,so,can,either,or,(6),时态转换如,:,例,1 We are going to help the farmers on the farm tomorrow.(,用,now,改写句子,),We,_,_,the farmers on the farm now.,例,2 His brother wont do the shopping tomorrow.(,改为一般现在时,),His brother,_,_,the shopping on Sundays.,are,helping,doesnt,do,(7),改为感叹句如,:,例,1 The twins
16、 study Chinese very hard.,_,_,the twins study Chinese!,例,2 The weather was rather bad yesterday.,_,_,weather it was yesterday!,例,3 The flowers are beautiful.,_,_,flowers they are!,_,_,the flowers are!,How,hard,What,bad,What,beautiful,How,beautiful,(8),完成译句如,:,例,1,令我惊讶的是,他已收到那所大学校长的来信了。,_,my surprise,he has already,_,from the principal of the university.,例,2,在有些地方,水的价格比牛奶的价格还要高。,The price of water is,_,than,_,of milk in some places.,例,3,毋庸置疑,南海那些岛屿是由中国人最早发现的。,There is no,_,that those islands in t
