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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,宾语从句,中考语法专题,He got up late.,I want to eat,an apple,.,I want to know,what he said yesterday,.,知识梳理,一,宾语从句,就是用,一个句子,来构成主句的,宾语,。,结构：,主句+连接词+宾语从句,宾语从句的概念,宾语从句分为三类：,1.动词的宾语从句,：He,told,us,that they would help us though the whole work,.,2.介词的宾语从句,：The new book is,about
2、,how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space,.,3.形容词的宾语从句,：I am,sure,I will pass the exam,.,宾语从句要把住三关,：,语序、时态和连接词,。,宾语从句的概念,宾语从句的三要素,宾语从句的引导词有三种：,1）that；,2）whether/if；,3）连接代词,/,副词,例如：,He said,that,he could help me.,他说他能够帮助我。,Your mother asked,if,you could finish your work this week.,你妈妈问这
3、个星期你能否完成工作。,Can you tell me,when,the sports meeting will begin？,你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？,宾语从句的引导词,(1)以,that,引导的宾语从句：,that引导的宾语从句一般都是由,陈述句,充当，引导词that,没有实际意义,，,不在从句中作任何成分,，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。,Do you think,(that),it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗？,He said,(that),he could come on time.,他说他会准时来的。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,1,】,that引
4、导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that.（据说）；It is known that.（众所周知）；It is reported that.（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。如：,It is said that,he is from Canada.据说他来自加拿大。,宾语从句的引导词,(2)以,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句：,从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由,一般疑问句或选择疑问句,转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的,倒装语序变成陈述语序,。whether和if意为“是否”。,Let us know,whethe
5、r/if,you can finish the work before Friday.,请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。,I dont care,whether,you like the story or not.,我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,2,：只用whether不用if的情况】,1)接带to的动词不定式。,She doesnt know,whether to go,to the zoo.,2),与or not连用时。,Im not sure,whether or not,he will come on time.,3),在介词之后的宾语从句,I de
6、pends,on whether,it will be fine.,4)含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时,He asked me,whether,Id move to New York,if,I got the job.,宾语从句的引导词,【注,3,：有“两副面孔”的if】,1),if,可以引导条件状语从句，意为,“如果”,，需注意,“主将从现”,的原则,If,it rains tomorrow,I wont come.,2),if也可以引导宾语从句，意为,“是否”,I dont know,if,it will rain tomorrow.,宾语从句的引导词,(3)连接词：常见
7、的连接代词有what,who,whom,which,whose等。,常见的连接副词有when,how,where,why等。,此类宾语从句原来是,特殊疑问句,，变成宾语从句后要用,陈述语序,，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。这些引导词,有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略,。例如：,Could you tell me,which,gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门？,He didnt tell me,how long,he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,4,：有“两副面孔”的when】,1),when
8、可以引导时间状语从句，意为,“当”,，需注意,“主将从现”,的原则,Ill send you an e-mail when I arrives in Beijing.,2),when也可以引导宾语从句，意为“什么时候”,I dont know when he will arrive in Beijing.,宾语从句的引导词,1.I want to know _ we will have the meeting.Maybe in the classroom.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.whether,【答案】,A,【解析】句意：,我想知道我们在哪里开会。,也许在教室里。,A,表示哪里
9、，,B,表示什么时候，,C,表示谁，,D,表示是否。该句是一个宾语从句，根据,Maybe in the classroom,可知宾语从句中引导词应用,where,，询问的是地点。故选,A,。,宾语从句的引导词,2.We dont know _,but it tells us the importance of friendship.A.what the story is about B.whether the story is true C.when did the story take place,【答案】,B,【解析】句意：我们不知道这个故事是否是真的，但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性。考查宾语
10、从句。根据三要素中的陈述语序可排除,C,，且题意为我们不知道这个故事是否是真的，但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性，故选,B,。,宾语从句的引导词,在含有宾语从句的复合句中，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须使用,陈述语序,，,即：,主句+连词+宾语从句（,主语+谓语,+）,如：I hear,that,physics isnt,easy,I want to know,how soon,it will,begin.,Could you tell me,what,I should,do with the money?,Can you imagine,what kind of man,he is,?,
11、【注意】,当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。,例如:She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。,宾语从句的语序,【注：陈述语序和疑问语序的区别】,对比分析下列例句：,(1)Do you like English?,助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他？,Tom asked me,if/whether I liked English,.,引导词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他.,(2)How will you go to Beijing?,疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他?,Tom asked me,how I would go t
12、o Beijing,.,引导词+主语+助动词+谓语动词+宾语+其他.,总结,：疑问语序中，助动词要放在主语之前；,而在陈述语序中，有时没有助动词，如果有的话要放在主语之后。,宾语从句的语序,1.Excuse me,could you tell me _?,Certainly.Go along the street and you will find it on the right.,A.how can I get to the radio station,B.how I can get to the radio station,C.why I can get to the radio stat
13、ion,【答案】B,【解析】句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我去广播站怎么走吗?-当然。沿着这条街走，你会在右边找到它。结合答语可推知，此处指询问怎样去某地，故用表示how；又因为空格处内容在此作tell的宾语从句，宾语从句需要用陈序语序。故选 B。,宾语从句的语序,2.Simon,you look smart in the T-shirt.Could you tell me _ it?,OK.I bought it in a store online.,A.where you bought,B.where do you buy,C.when you buy,D.when did you buy,【答
14、案】A,【解析】句意：西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的考查宾语从句。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的时态应与主句时态相呼应。,宾语从句的时态,主句时态,宾语从句时态,例句,现在时或将来时,可用各种合适的时态,I,want,to know what time he,got up,this morning.,过去时,从句用,一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与主句谓语动作,同时发生,I only,knew,he,was studying,in a western country,but I didnt know
15、 what country he,was,in.,从句用,过去完成时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作,之前,He,told,me that he,had told,Mary about the meeting already.,从句用,过去将来时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作,之后,The reporter,asked,if the government,would take,necessary measures to put down the to-do.,任意时态,如果从句表示,客观真理,、自然现象或者谚语时，宾语从句要用,一般现在时,The teacher,said,that the mo
16、on,goes around,the earth yesterday.,宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可:,主现则从任,主过则从过，客观真理一般现,A.,主现则从任:,主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。,例如:He,tells,me he,studied,English in England,last year,.,他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。,B.,主过则从过:,主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，,带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。,例如:He,told,me that he,liked,playing football.他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。,C.,客观真理一般现:,客观真理永远用一般现在时。,例如:He,said,the moon,goes,around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。,宾语从句的时态,例题1：改错练习,1)She said that she is a student.,2)She said that she will fly to J
