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1、阅读理解+完形填空读理解Test 3Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.AAdisadvantage Bnotably C energetic Dinsufficient E. alternateF. evolved G. contribution H. periodic I. withdrawal J. coexist K. ad
2、justedThe degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called seasonality. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a condition where depressions in fall and winter 1 with non-depression periods in spring and su
3、mmer, is the most marked form of seasonality.The typical symptoms of 2 winter depression include lowered mood, social 3 , increased appetite and weight gain. Mild or no symptoms often occur in spring and summer. It is argued that such pattern of depression occurrence forms an adaptive mechanism whic
4、h enhances the likelihood of reproductive success, most 4 for females, among populations living at temperate latitudes(纬度). Women are more likely to become pregnant in the summer and thus to give birth at a time of year when their babies have a higher chance of survival. Low chance of summer depress
5、ion also indicates 5 individuals and promotes healthier pregnancies, which increase the survival chances of both mothers and babies. In the modern era, it is probable that repeated winter depression is becoming a reproductive 6 .Several lines of evidence also suggest that genetic factors play an imp
6、ortant role in the seasonality and SADMillions of years of evolution had 7 human biochemical systems for survival under equatorial(赤道的) environmental conditions. Modern humans began to move out of Africa only about 150,000 years ago. Little change in our equatorialsystems might have been expected ov
7、er this relatively short evolutionary span. And a genetic defenselessness against seasonal changes in mood and behavior is out of 8 adaptation to the new living conditions.Today, more studies of SAD and seasonality are receiving considerable attention. Studies on relatives of patients with SAD also
8、suggested a familial 9 to the development of SADResearchers are trying to find out whether SAD and seasonality are acquired at birth as a composite entity(实体) or whether the two are separate acquired traits that happen to 10 in certain individuals.Directions: For each blank in the following passage
9、there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the contextBExperiencing occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. However, anxiety disorders, defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension, can increase the risk for 11 and
10、 self-murder.They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, 12 around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less 13 . Young people
11、 with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it, leading to fewer life 14 . Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient 15 is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the Univ
12、ersity of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders. To do this, we conducted a systematic 16 of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our re
13、sults showed women are almost twice as likely to 17 anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more 18 ? It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone (荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive events across a womans life ar
14、e 19 with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can 20 the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is 21 by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biol
15、ogical mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life 22 . Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping 23 . Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety, 24 men engage more in active problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to 25 physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the
