八年级英语下册各单元知识点汇总Unit 1 Whafs the matter?一、基础知识1.Whaf s the matter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matte析 masto(r)/n.问题;事情Whats the matter with you?=Whafs the trouble with you?=Whaf s wrong with you?你怎么了？【注】：matter和 trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是 adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用o 即：Whafs the matter with sb.?=Whafs your trouble?=Whats up?=What happens tosb.?Whafs the matter with you?I have a bad cold.2.1 had a cold.我感冒 了have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache 头疼3.身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache 后背痛4.much too+形容词，意为 太.，toomuch+名词，意为 很多，大量。
5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后good enough足够好,enough money=much money6.lie down躺下，lie躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7.maybe 或许，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子Maybe you are right.may b e,是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许“，后加名词、代词或形容词Hemay be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dorft know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，”听起来，好像“，The music sounds nice.9.need需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listencarefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10.get off(the bus)下(公交车)get on 上车11.agree同意，赞同；agree with sth.同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.agree to s b.同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.12.trouble 问题，麻 烦；be in trouble 遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulties(in)doing sth 做.有麻烦。
13.right away=right now=at once,意为 马上14.advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向.征求意见，give sb.advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb.doing sth.【复习】exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为 练习”时，为可数名词即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时,为不可数名词即不加s16.hurt 及物动词，使.疼痛，.受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，.(部位)疼His leg hurt badly.c le a n【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】干 净 的，cleaner意 为 清 洁 工18.hit（用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb.on the head/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb.in the face/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于、适应了.、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa wasused to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/become used to sth./doing sth,“变得习惯,逐渐适应.”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.2 0.【复习】free 形容词 空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的Iwantto become a free bird.free【动词】使.解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm.run out 用完，用尽 When his water run out,he knew that he would have to do somethingto save his own life.物 sth.run out.某物用尽了人 sb.run out of sth.人用尽了 某物。
He run out of all his money last night.22.risk(sb.)to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23.the importance of(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性We students should know the importance of(learning)English.importance n.重 要(性)，important a.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的decision【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定；make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.25.be in the control o f.掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26.【复习】mind意为 介意,mind doing sth.介意做某事，Would you mind my opening the window?27.give up(doing)sth.放 弃(做)某 事，give up(playing)computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如：Never give up easily.二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数 人称第 一 人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物如：She isiTtquite herself today.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by help oneself to sth 请自用.(随便吃/喝oneself 自学 些.).hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自 言自语leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给 自己买.东西introduce oneself 介绍.自己【提醒】1.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业误）Myself can finish my homework.（正）I myself can finish my homework./1 canfinish my homework myself.2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用onesown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画误）Im drawing with myself cray o n s,（正）Imdrawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1.sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child【区 另 L l ill ill与 sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语Mary could not comebecause she is ill.2.cheer（sb.）up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone inour class.3.give out 分发；散发，相当于 hand out,The teacher is giving out/handing out the testpapers.give sth.out to sb.意为 把某物分发给某人。
4.volunteer【名词】志 愿 者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do s th.自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5.used to dsth.过去/曾经（常）做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机They told me stories about the past and how things used to b e.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事6.alo n e【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone andwriting songs himself.lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语The lonely boyis not lone。