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1、Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1 FriendshipLearning about language1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.Discovering useful words and expressions 1. _ not inside a building2. _ feeling disturbed3. _ to be worried about4. _ free, not tied up5. _ to experience something6
2、. _ to take no notice of outdoorsgo throughlooseupsetignorebe concerned about 7. _ staying close to and looking at somebody8. _ to become quiet after nervous activity9. _ piece of material hung to cover a window10. _ number of things that happen one after anothercalm downcurtainseriesface to face An
3、nes sister, Margot, was very _ that the family had to move. However, she knew that she had to _ all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and _ in the hiding place, because she was _ whether they would be discovered. concerned about upset go throughcalm down2Complete thi
4、s passage with some of the words and phrases above. She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she really missed was going _ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run _ in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour_ that she was sorry no
5、t to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous!outdoorslooseface to face 1.When the man saw the car accident 2.on the highway, he stopped _ 3.offer help.2. “How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and _? It will only make her worse.” said the doct
6、or.3 Complete the sentences using words and expressions from the text. in order todusty3. After Peter died, George _ the story of their friendship in a book.4. When the street lights go on _,they make a beautiful picture, so different from the daytime. 5. Good friends do not _ what they do for each
7、other; instead they offer help when it is needed.set downat duskadd up6. Although Tim and Mike come from _ different backgrounds, they became close friends.7. Please draw the _; the sunlight is too bright.8. “Sorry, I didnt break the plate _.” “ Its OK. Dont worry about it.” entirelycurtainson purpo
8、seGrammarDirect and Indirect Speech 直接引语直接引语:直接引用别人的话直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。把它放在引号内。 (direct speech)间接引语间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirect speech)I am a beautiful girl.She said that she was a beautiful girl.What did the girl say?1.1.转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句She asked me what I was doing.She said , “Im goi
9、ng to Beijing.”She said that she was going to Beijing.He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.She asked, “What are you doing?”2.2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 陈述句陈述句用连词用连词that引导引导, that在口语中常省略。在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用也可用told来代
10、替来代替, 注意注意, 可以说可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直不可直接说接说 told that。直接引语变成间接引语直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化句子结构的变化He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give you an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤陈述句解
11、题步骤: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that (I dont like computers.)didntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导引导, 原原主句中谓语动词主句中谓语动词said要改为要改为asked (me/him/us等等), 语序是陈述句的语序。语序是陈述句的语序。一般疑问句一般疑问句Tom said, “Do yo
12、u have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑问句解题步骤一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt
13、 is easy to improve the condition of the soil.(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.)askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。语序改为陈述句语序。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句He said to me, “Where are you f
14、rom?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country. 特殊疑问句解题步骤：特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat?( They asked him )They asked him Whenyou harvest the wheat(you harvest the wheat.)heharvestedTh
15、ey asked him when he harvested the wheat.He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot. 用用whetheror表达表达(不用不用if/eitheror)选择疑问句选择疑问句谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点
16、：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接变为间接 引语时引语时, 时态不变。时态不变。The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前 和说话时同样有效和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时变间接引语时, 时态可不变。时态可不变。The c
17、hildren said, “We love this game.”The children told us that they love that game.She says that shell never forget the days in the country.3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时在引述时, 时态不变。时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”Direct speechIndirect speechSentence structurestatement s
18、ay/tell sb. (that) +从句从句一般疑一般疑问句句ask/wonder whether/if +陈述句述句语序序特殊疑特殊疑问句句ask/wonder wh-word +陈述句述句语序序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2. 注意人称和指示代词变化注意人称和指示代词变化 3. 注意时间和地点的变化注意时间和地点的变化4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引直接引语direct speech间接引接引语indirect speech一般一般现在在时一般一般过去去时现在在进行行时过去去进行行
19、时现在在完成完成时过去去完成完成时一般一般过去去时过去完成去完成时一般一般将来将来时过去去将来将来时过去完成去完成时过去完成去完成时Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechPronouns第一人称第一人称第三人称第三人称第二人称第二人称第一或第三人称第一或第三人称thisthatthesethoseDirect SpeechIndirect Speech时间状语时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforethis week/month that week/monthlast week/monththat week/monthbe
20、forethree days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next day/the following day地点状语地点状语herethereDirect SpeechIndirect Speech方向方向性动性动词词come go bring takeborrowlend 直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould (不变不变)willwouldwouldWould (不变不变)maymightmightmight (不变不变)cancouldcouldcould (不变不变)
21、mustmust/had toHe said heplays footballis playinghas playedplayedwill playhad playedplayed footballwas playinghad playedhad playedwould playhad playedAttention:When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理真理 b) a timetable 时间表时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言格言/ /引用语引用语d) An adverbial indicating the
22、past 过去的时间状语过去的时间状语There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech.1. He said, “the earth goes around the sun.”2.2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3.3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4.4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”Change direct speech into in
23、direct speech:He said that the earth goes around the sun.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.He said that Rome isnt built in a day.Tom said he was born in July, 1978.5. He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work.”6. He said, “I havent heard from him since May.” 7. Tom said “I will see you next
24、 week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.8. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 9. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.10. His friends asked him if he would go t
25、o Dalian.The teacher asked me why I was late again.His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.Try to do SB P. 5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:1.Anne said that she didnt know the address 2. of her new home.2. An
26、ne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. 4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes
27、on?” Mother asked/said to her.6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.7. “When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father.8. “Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne. 1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he l
28、ookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayD Choose the best answer.2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C. they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow C 3. Mr. Black sai
29、d, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis weekB 4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe
30、 next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he wouldthe next day D 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethatD 6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ ab
31、out _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herda week ago D. if he heardthe week agoB 7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he
32、willnext time C 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent yourA 9. Black asked me, “Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here A 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did riseB HomeworkReview the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
