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1、Unit 5Theme parksLearning about language1 Find the word from the text.1. _ several different types of 2. _ the main subject of a talk, book, film or something else3. _ to keep something as it is; an area of land made available for a special group of people or animals to live in4. _ to or at any plac
2、e, position or situation5. _ something that is pleasant to think about but is not realvariousthemepreservewhereverfantasy6. _ action, usually a very great one or a very bad one7. _ the measurement of something from one end to the other8. _ being the only one of its kind, unlike anything else9. _ in
3、the middle of an area or an object10. _ without doubtdeedlengthuniquecentralno wonderengine carpenter cartoon amusement eagles slide swing tourism1. Before buying a car, my dad always looks at its _.2. Early American settlers were great _ -they could build almost anything from wood.3. Both adults an
4、d children like to watch _ just for _.enginecarpenterscartoonsamusement2 Complete the sentences.4. There are about 60 different kinds of _ around the world, but only two kinds live in North America.5. _ is a big business for small countries like Singapore.6. When I was little, my favourite thing to
5、do was to go to the playground and _ down _ and _ on _.eaglesTourismslideslidesswingswingsThere are many stories about Britains ancient King Arthur, some just _. When Arthur was a boy, no one knew who his parents were. He worked for a great knight and his son, to help them prepare for _ and battles.
6、 One day, news came that Britains old king had died without a son. To _ the kingdom from disorder, the old wizard Merlin took the kings _ and drove it into a great stone.attraction deed fantasy preserve sword tournament whicheverfantasytournamentspreserve3 Complete the paragraph.swordHe announced th
7、at _ knight could take it out was Britains true king. The_brought many knights from all over the country to try their strength. One morning, Arthur came across the _ in the stone. He knew nothing about it but decided that he should try to get it for his master. He pulled hard, and it came out! Soon
8、the whole country heard about Arthurs amazing _ and made him king.sworddeedattractionwhichever3 Write out the original words.unchangeable adj._ dislike v._ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj. _overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj. _ misread v. _translator n. _changelikepossiblefriendlookun
9、derstandathletereadtranslateDiscovering useful structures (P37)4 Fill the table.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissible admissiblyimaginationimaginativeimaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractivelyWord F
10、ormationGrammarup-to-date为复合形容词, 与out-of-date相对(落伍的; 旧式的; 过时的), 意为“现代的; 时新的”。如：up-to-date ideas 最新的思想an up-to-date record 最新的纪录up-to-date clothes 时髦的衣服an out-of-date model 老式的模型英语构词法英语构词法(Word Formation)?掌握一些英语构词法, 对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助, 下面我们将列举一些常用的构词法:?1. 合成(Compounding)2. 转化(Conversion)3. 派生(Derivation
11、)1. 合成合成(Compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词, 有的用连字符号“ -”连接,有的直接连写 在一起.e.g. wood( 木)cut(刻)woodcut(木刻)man(人)kind(种类)mankind(人类)air(空气, 空中)sick(恶心的, 晕的)airsick(晕机的)merry-go-round 旋转木马up-to-date 最新的life-size 与真人一般大复合形容词的构成复合形容词的构成方式例 词形容词形容词red-hot, bitter-sweet, 形容词名词first-class, full-time, 形容词现在分词 good-looking
12、, 形容词过去分词 ready-made 形容词名词-ed good-tempered, 名词名词-ediron-willed名词形容词world-famous，名词现在分词beauty-loving, 复合形容词的构成复合形容词的构成方式例 词名词过去分词man-made, 副词形容词ever-green, 副词现在分词hard-working, 副词过去分词well-prepared, 数词名词five-year, 数词名词+形容词 five-year-old, 数词名词-ed four-legged, 复合名词的构成复合名词的构成方式例词名词名词horseback , bank-note
13、, 形容词名词 back-yard, forehead ，动名词名词 hiding-place, reading-room 动词副词get-off, break-in, breakdown, 副词动词output, overflow 动词名词pickpocket , break-water 副词名词overcoat, inland代词名词he-goat, she-wolf名词介词名词editor-in-chief, father-in-law其他复合词的构成其他复合词的构成方式例词复合动词名词动词day-dream，sun-bathe 副词动词overcome, upturn，形容词动词whi
14、te-wash 复合副词名词+名词sideways名词+副词headfirst 形容词+名词meanwhile介词+名词beforehand其他复合词的构成其他复合词的构成方式例词复合代词代词宾格或物主代词 + self (selves)himself, ourselves 某些不定代词+ body (one, thing)everyone (everybody, everything), nobody (no one, nothing)2. 转化(conversion)由一种词类转换成另一种词类。(即一般拼写不变, 但是词类发生了变化，有时发音也变化)e.g. water n. 水 - wa
15、ter v. 浇水dirty adj. 脏的- dirty v. 弄脏e.g. He went in and sat down.The army downeda plane.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词telephone电话打电话slow 慢的放慢front 前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm 暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善key 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对转化
16、法举例动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个the blind盲人们look at have a look at wrong 错误的 错 误the beautiful美丽的东西转化法举例3. 派生(Derivation)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词.1)后缀(suffix)名词后缀-or actor sailor-ist scientist -ment achievement mov
17、ement-(a)tion preparation exception-y difficulty discovery形容形容词词后后缀缀-ful useful cheerful-able comfortable enjoyable-ed manned cultured-less careless fearless-ive active decisive-an European Indian动词后缀-ize realize modernize-en widen strengthen副词后缀-ly really extremely-ward backward eastward数词后缀-teen f
18、ourteen fifteen-ty forty fifty-th ninth twelfth表示人和物的名词后缀后缀意义用法例词表示人er从事职业的人，做的人，地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher, workerlearner, or与-er同义外来后缀，加在外来词上visitor, educator eer 从事于.的人用于外来词 engineer, mountaineer后缀意义用法例词表示人-ess女.的加于名词后，表示阴性actress, waitress-ician.(专)家，加在以-ic结尾的名词或形容词上physician, politicianmusician-is
19、t从事.职业的人，从事某种.文艺、学术的人加在名词上，或ize 结尾的动词上，或以-al结尾的其它词上artist, socialist表示物-er表示从事某工作的物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer, fiver-or表示从事某工作的物加在动词上receptor 用法例词表示“人”, 加在动词上listener, adviser, speaker, writer, turner, driver, teacher, worker, singer表示“人”, 加在名词上banker, hatter, officer, lawyer, prisoner表示“人”, 加在某些地点名词或某些形容词L
20、ondoner, New Yorker, villager, Britisher, southerner, foreigner表示“人”, 加在复合词上housekeeper, bookseller, looker-on, theatre-goer后缀-er 构词能力用法例词表示“物”, 加在动词上washer, boiler, container, lighter, drawer表示“物”，加在名词上steamer, washer, creeper表示“物”, 加在复合词上three-wheeler, loudspeaker既表示 “人”也表示“物”, 加在动词上fighter, print
21、er, recorder, ruler后缀-er 构词能力抽象名词和集合名词的后缀后缀意义例词-age表示行为(结果)、状态/总称/费用storage, package, postage, marriage-ure表示行为、其过程或结果failure, temperature, pressure, pleasure, -ity表示性质状态/ 程度majority, opportunity, infinity-ment 表示行为/ 动作结果/ 具体事物argument, statement, achievement-ion表示行为/ 过程状态/ 情况/ 性质action, protection后
22、缀意义例词-ism表示制度/ 主义学说/ 行为，communism, criticism,-y表示境遇、性质，营业，全体, 行为difficulty, beggary, discovery-al表示动作、行为arrival, refusal, disapproval, -ness 表示性质、状态、程度kindness, illness, brightness,-ship表示身份、职业、性质、citizenship, friendship, hardship,后缀意义例词-hood 表示身份、亲属关系、性质childhood, brotherhood-ance表示动作或性质appearance,
23、 entrance-th表示动作、度量、性质、状态strength, growth, length-dom表示地位、领域、集体、状态、性质kingdom, filmdom, wisdom后缀为-ion的名词规则例词几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion.educate/education, liberate/liberation, translate/translation,多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion,少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion.act/action, invent/invention, inspect/inspection, selec
24、t/selection, 多数以-ss 结尾的动词直接加-ion.discuss/discussion, oppress/oppression, 规则例词多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾的动词先把-de或-d变成-s再加-ion.decide/decision, divide/division, provide/provision, 以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成-ss, 再加-ion.admit/admission, commit/commission, 规则例词多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation,少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加action.satisfy/
25、satisfaction, modify/ modification,有些动词不是加-ion,而是加-ition, -tion, -ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化。add/addition, attend/attention, absorb/absorption, describe/ description, 形容词后缀后缀意义例词-able 可/能的valuable, horrible, -al有. 性质的natural, -ant, -ent.的important, pleasant, -ic, -ical.性质的，与.有关的atomic, elect
26、ric, 后缀意义例词-ish稍带.的, . 气的，.民族的, . 语的feverish, childish, bookishEnglish, -ed有.的, 有.特征的tired, interested, -en由.构(制)成的wooden, earthen, -ive有.倾向的/性质的instructive, expensive后缀意义例词-ful充满.的, 引起. 的thankful, powerful, tearful-less无/不.的不能.的 homeless, harmless, -ous充满.的, 有.特性的famous, nervous-ly有.性质的, .形状的yearly
27、, daily, orderly-y有/多. 的, 想.的cloudy, sunny, 后缀用法及意义例词-ward-wards加在名词或副词后，表示“向.的”forward, backward, upward,downward, toward, northward, afterward 副词后缀后后缀缀用法及意义例词-ly加在形容词之后表示某种状态cheerfully, slightly, simply, 表示某个方面economically, 表示程度或范围greatly, 表示时间recently, 表示次序firstly, secondly表示方向eastwardly, 后缀意义例词-
28、ate 使成为, 成为., 处理, 使化合educate, translate, imitate, calculate, operate, -en变为, 使为, 变为有, 使有darken, weaken, deepen, sharpen, glisten, frighten, strengthen动 词 后 缀后缀意义例词-fy使成为,使.化beautify, uglify, satisfy, terrify, electrify, purify-ish使.,令.finish, accomplish, punish, furnish, publish, -ize-ize使成, 变成，mode
29、rnize, democratize, revolutionize, realize, 2)前缀(prefix)一般不造成词类的转变, 只是引起意思的变化e.g. un-( 不, 或做相反动作) unhappy undoim-(不) impossible impolitere-(重新) retell rewritemis-(错误的) misunderstand 个别前缀会引起词类的变化e.g. en-( 使得) endanger enlargea-asleep awake前 缀 意义用法例词un-不, 未(= not) 加在形容词或副词前unhappy, unnecessary, untouc
30、hed, 相反动作加在动词前uncover, untie, unwrap, unlock 前 缀 意义用法例词mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake, misfortune, misreadin- ，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前inattentive, impossible. impolite, irregular, 前前 缀缀意义用用法法例词dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour, disease表示相反加在动词前 dislike, disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge, dismiss1
31、) a-表示“在之上”，“向”aboard, aside,2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath, bypass( 弯路)3) circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” ，circumstance, circuit4) de-, 表示“在下，向下”descend, degrade表示空间位置, 方向关系的前缀5)en-, 表示“在内, 进入” encage, 6)ex-, ec-, es- , 表示“外部，外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction （提取）8)fore- 表示“在前面”for
32、ehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import10) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间, 相互” international, interaction11) intro-, 表示“向内，在内, 内侧”introduce, introduce12) medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中, 中间”Mediterranean, midposition13) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部, 在外”outline, outside, outward14) over
33、-, 表示“在上面, 在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, 15) post- , 表示表示“向后向后, 在后边, 次”postscript( 附言附言)，16) pre-, 表示表示“在前在前”在前面在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17) pro-, 表示表示“在前在前, 向前”progress, proceed,18) sub-, suc- , suf-, sug- , sum-, sup-, sur- , sus- , 表示表示“在下面在下面, 下下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress,suppleme
34、nt19) super- , sur- , 表示“在.之上”superficial, surface, 20) trans- , 表示“移上, 转上，在那一边” translate, transform, 21) under- , 表示“在.下面, 下的”underline, underground22) up-, 表示“向上, 向上面, 在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)简略词合成词缩略词指缩写词指缩写词examexaminationplane aeroplanead.advertisement maths mathematics把两个词某部分联合起来合成为一个新词s
35、moke + fog = smogmotor +hotel=motel指首字母缩略词TV televisionTOEFL Test of EnglishAs A Foreign Language1. Make compound words after the models.A: part, long, passer, film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, worldB: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter, term, together, lying, blooded Model: part +
36、time = part-time练一练练一练2. Fill in the blanks with the words above.1) Its a good idea to start a _ job to make extra money.2) Its necessary to use a _ radio to pick up the program. 3) Walt Disney, the great _, was born in Chicago in 1901.part-timeshort-wavefilm-maker4) The Dead Sea is very _, at around 395 meters below sea level.5) Were having a little _ to celebrate his birthday.6) They often perform in the streets for the _.7) Im sure you will be _ soon.low-lyingget-togetherpassers-bywell-knownHomework1. Remember the rules of word formation. 2. Do exercises on page 70-71.
