高一英语Unit21Grammar新课标人教

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1、Revision (postreading)1Ajobinterview,avisittoaforeigncountry,ameeting,aspeech,etc.2Bodylanguageisinsomewaysmorelimitedthanspokenlanguage;itiseasiertomisunderstandbodylanguage.Bothofthemusesymbolstorepresentmeaning(gesturesandfacialexpressions-sounds).3Wewanttobepolite,confident,etc.Oritismoredifficu

2、lttocontrolonesbodylanguagethantocontrolwhatonesays.Eg.Aspeakeristryingtosoundconfidentbuthishandsareshaking.Apersonsaysheisinterestedinwhatyouaresayingbuthelooksawayortapshisfeet.4Wavingoneshand(s);ShakingonesheadorhandThesameasintheUS;Openoneseyesandmouthwide;ThesameasintheUS;NofixedChinesegesture

3、;NofixedChinesegesture;MovingoneshandupanddownwiththepalmfacingdownhipSwingingyourhipsisawayofsayingyouarehappyorinagoodmood.Pushingyourhipstotheleftorrightcanbeawaytopushpeopleoutofyourway.thumbPuttingyourthumbupmeansyoulike/praisesth/sb.;down-dislikeIndexfingerPointing your finger to blame/ scold

4、someone.Turningyourpalmupandbendingyourforefingertowardsyoutoasksomeonetocometoyouorfollowyou.Tapping your finger to your head to tell someone to think carefully.Puttingyourfingertoyourlipstoasksomeonetobequietortowhisper.palmPuttingyourhandsoutinfrontofyouwithyourpalmsuptobegoraskforsomething.Putti

5、ngyourhandsoutatyoursidesandpalmsuptoshowyoudontknowsth.Puttingpalmsagainstyourcheekstoshowsurpriseorshock.1E2A3B4F5C6DKissingsbonthecheektoshowaffactionortogreetsomeone.Slappingsbscheektoexpressyourangeratbeinginsulted.Scratchingyourcheekwithyourfingerstoshowthatyouareconfused.cheekDoExxP120Occurav

6、oidcontactfoldpartvaryfocusGetthroughindetailgiveyouahandHoldupaheadoftorndowninorderMadeafaceGrammar 动词-ing形式作定形式作定语我我们必必须改改进工作方法。工作方法。We must improve our working method.他他他他们们将手将手将手将手术术台架台架台架台架设设在一座小在一座小在一座小在一座小庙庙里。里。里。里。They set up an operating table in a small temple.中国是中国是发展中国家。展中国家。 China is a

7、 developing country. 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor.The woman having lessons is my English teacher.The woman is having lessons. She is my English teacher.Grammar:Combinethetwosentencesbyusing“v-ing”.-What do you think of the hamburgers?-Theyre very

8、 delicious.The hamburgers _are very delicious. (eat)being eatenThe boy _ his teeth is very naughty.(brush)brushingWe can watch the train passing by every day.The train is passing by. We can watch the train. Combine the two sentences by using “v-ing”.When an earthquake happens, the earth is moving.So

9、 people can feel the earth moving.I heard the couples _ in the next room. (sing)singing小结:小结: 能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它词有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住:们记住:make,let,have,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice, feel。对了,用对了,用“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。多简单。多简单什么是什么是v-ing?1. 结构:v-ing2.不能单

10、独作谓语3.没有人称和数的变化4.可以有自己的宾语和状语5.还有时态和语态的变化V-ingV-ing的形式的形式 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone否定式否定式 The girl made her mother angry by not taking her medicine.被动式被动式 I dislike being laughed at.V+-ing 形式用法归纳形式用法归纳1、作主语、作主语2、作宾

11、语、作宾语3、作表语、作表语4、作定语作定语5、作宾补作宾补6、作状语作状语Seeingisbelieving.Talkingmendsnoholes.Sayingisonething;doingisanotherthing.ItisnousetalkingwithoutdoingDoEx1onp61空谈无补。空谈无补。 V-ingusedassubject注意点:注意点: 1、Ving做主语通常有两种位置做主语通常有两种位置1)位于句首2)it做形式主语,2、动名词做主语,谓语用单动名词做主语,谓语用单/复数。复数。Ving主语还常用于下列结构与主语还常用于下列结构与区别区别Ving(短语)

12、做主语还常用于下列结构:(短语)做主语还常用于下列结构:a.Itsnousesendinghimover.Itstoolatealready.Itsnogoodtalkingalotwithoutdoinganything.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit. Itis/was+worth/worthyofdoingb.Theresnojokingaboutsuchmatters.Theresnosayingwhathellbedoingnext.Theresnotellingwhathesgoingtodo.注注:动名词作主语动名词作主语与与不定式不定式作主语作主语的

13、区别:的区别:动动名名词词作作主主语语通通常常表表示示抽抽象象的的或或泛泛指指的的动动作作,一一般般不不与与特特定定的的动动作作执执行行者者联联系系在在一一起起;不不定定式式作作主主语语通通常常表表示示具具体体的的动动作作或或行行为为,往往往往与与特特定定的的动动作执行者联系作执行者联系在一起,如:在一起,如:Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具具体体)在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换:但在下列几种情况中不能互换:a

14、.当当表语表语是动名词时,是动名词时,主语也要用动名词主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如:当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如:Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b. 动动名名词词和和不不定定式式作作主主语语,一一般般都都可可以以使使用用形形式式主主语语it it it it,而而将将动动名名词词或或不不定定式式放放在在句句尾尾。但但在在上上面面提提到到的的句句型型中中,一般宜用一般宜用Ving,不宜用不定式来代替,不宜用不定式来代替.Itsnousegoingtheretoday;hewontbeathome.Itsawasteof

15、timearguingaboutit.Itsnogoodwaitinghere.Letswalkhome.而在而在Itsimportant/Itsnecessary/Itspossible这类句型中,这类句型中,只能用不定式只能用不定式,如:,如:Itsimportanttolearnforeignlanguages.Itsquitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes_(teach)isquiteinteresting._(teach)somanylittlekidsinsuchasmallroomtodaywillreallymakemeconfused.TeachingT

16、oteachVing used as object Helikeshelpingothers只接只接v-ing作宾语的动词有:作宾语的动词有:admit,allow,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,escape,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggestObjectV+objectPrep.+object1)v+objectHesuggestedpractisingspeakingEnglishinandoutofclass.只接只接v-ingv-ing作宾语的词组有作宾语的词组有giveup,put

17、off,insiston,lookforwardto,payattentionto,leadto,devote.to,makeacontributionto,feellike,stickto,canthelp.He has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.2)prep.+object.注意以下短语中to是介词look forward to;pay attention to;devoteto; objectto; refer to;stick to;be/get usedto; turn tolead to

18、belong toIm used to getting up early.反对有些动词后可跟不定式和有些动词后可跟不定式和有些动词后可跟不定式和有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ingv-ing形式作宾语,意义形式作宾语,意义形式作宾语,意义形式作宾语,意义差别不大。差别不大。差别不大。差别不大。在在在在like,love,hate,preferlike,love,hate,prefer等动词后,等动词后,等动词后,等动词后,v-ingv-ing形式表示经形式表示经形式表示经形式表示经常性、概括性的动作,不定式表示具体的、特定的某常性、概括性的动作,不定式表示具体的、特定的某常性、概括性的动作,不定式

19、表示具体的、特定的某常性、概括性的动作,不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如:一次动作。如:一次动作。如:一次动作。如:Shelikessinging,butshedoesntliketosingtodayv某些动词后既可接某些动词后既可接某些动词后既可接某些动词后既可接不定式不定式不定式不定式,又可接,又可接,又可接,又可接v-ingv-ing形式形式形式形式,意义差别较大,这类词常见的有:意义差别较大,这类词常见的有:意义差别较大,这类词常见的有:意义差别较大,这类词常见的有: goontodogoondoing接着做(另一件事)接着做(另一件事)继续做(同一件事)继续做(同一件事)st

20、optodostopdoing停下来去做停下来去做停止做停止做remembertodorememberdoing记住要做记住要做记得曾做过记得曾做过1)2)3)4 4)forgettodoforgettodoforgetdoingforgetdoing忘记要做忘记要做忘记要做忘记要做忘了曾经做过忘了曾经做过忘了曾经做过忘了曾经做过5 5)6 6)regrettodoregrettodoregretdoingregretdoing很遗憾抱歉地去做很遗憾抱歉地去做很遗憾抱歉地去做很遗憾抱歉地去做后悔做了后悔做了后悔做了后悔做了trytodotrytodo努力做努力做努力做努力做trydoingtr

21、ydoing试着做试着做试着做试着做7 7)meantodomeantodo打算做打算做打算做打算做meandoingmeandoing意味着做意味着做意味着做意味着做动词动词need,require,want意为意为“需要需要”时,时,后跟动名词被动式作宾语,意义没有区别。后跟动名词被动式作宾语,意义没有区别。如:如:Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaning.=Thewindowneedsrequireswantstobecleaned小结:小结:1.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个:只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个:resist, mind, sugges

22、t, delay, keep on look forward to, enjoy, include, appreciate, imagine, practise, finish, succeed in, consider, cant help, miss。抗议推迟盼喜报,抗议推迟盼喜报,心想练成考不错心想练成考不错2.介词后要加介词后要加v-ing 形式形式The movie is very exciting.The cartoon is amusing.The book she read is very interesting.-Her full-time job is laying egg

23、s.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.-What is the hens full-time job?The Supermans duty is helping others.= Helping others is the Supermans duty.动词动词-ing形式作表语形式作表语表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。 Our greatest happiness is serving the people.我们的任务是建设社会主义。我们的任务是建设社会主义。 Our t

24、ask is building socialism. 我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。 The film we saw last night is quite moving. (现在分词)(现在分词)他的话很鼓舞人。他的话很鼓舞人。 His words are encouraging. 2作表语作表语的区别的区别:Ving表语与表语与不定式不定式作表语作表语的区别的区别;Ving作作表表语语时时表表示示比比较较抽抽象象的的一一般般行行为为、习习惯惯;不不定定式式作作表表语语时时表表示示具具体体的的某某一一次次动动作作,特特别是别是将来的动作将来的动作,试比较:,试比较:My

25、favouritesportisswimming.Thefirstthingforustodoistoimproveourpronunciation.VingVing的复合结构的复合结构Ving的的复复合合结结构构就就是是前前面面带带有有代代词词或或名名词的动名词结构。词的动名词结构。有有时时为为了了明明确确动动名名词词所所表表示示的的动动作作的的执执行行者者,可可以以在在动动名名词词之之前前加加上上一一个个物物主主代代词词或或名名词词所所有有格格,来来表表示示动动名名词词逻逻辑辑上上的的主主语语。有有时时也也可可以以用用人人称称代代词词宾宾格格或或名名词词普普通通格格,不不过过,这这主主要要

26、用用于于口口语语中中。如:如:Shewonthearofusleavingthevillage.Do you object to Li Pings joining thephysicsgroup?注注:如如果果不不是是在在句句子子的的开开头头,这这个个结结构构常常用用名名词词的的普通格普通格或或人称代词宾格人称代词宾格,如:,如:Idontliketheideaofus/ournothelpingatall.IdontmindJanebuyinganotherone.注注:如如果果动动名名词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是表表示示无无生生命命的的东东西西的的名名词词,或或不不定定代代词词,就就只只能

27、能用用普普通通格格,不不能能用用所所有格有格,如:,如:Is there any hope of your team winning thematch?The boy was alarmed by someone knocking atthedoor.VingVing的复合结构有下列用法:的复合结构有下列用法:的复合结构有下列用法:的复合结构有下列用法:作主语:作主语:TheirTheircomingcomingtotohelphelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Nothingisworsethanourourbowingbeforedifficultiesbowin

28、gbeforedifficulties.LaoLisLaoLis(not:Li)goinggoingwontbeofmuchhelp.作表语:作表语:Oursoleworryisyouryourrelyingtoomuchonyourselfrelyingtoomuchonyourself.Whatstroublingthemistheirtheir notnothavingenoughmachinetools.作宾语:作宾语:Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Pleaseexcusemyinterruptingyou.作介词宾语:作介词宾语:Theyinsistedon

29、mystayingthereforsupper.Doyouthinktherewillbeanychanceofmyseeinghimagain?Ving的完成形式与被动形式的完成形式与被动形式Ving的的一一般般形形式式通通常常表表示示一一般般性性动动作作(即即不不是是明明确确地地在在过过去去、现现在在或或将将来来发发生生的的动动作作)或或是是与与谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作同同时发生的动作,如:时发生的动作,如:They are all interested in climbingmountains.He took a great delight in helpingothers.如如

30、果果要要表表示示Ving代代表表的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成形式,作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成形式,如:如:Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.Idontrememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.注注:在在某某些些动动词词之之后后(或或在在成成语语中中)常常用用(或或可可以以用用)Ving的的一一般般形形式式表表示示在在谓谓语语动动作作之之前前发发生生的动作,如:的动作,如:Excusemeforcominglate.Idontremember

31、everseeinghimanywhere. 当当当当一一一一个个个个VingVing逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主主主主语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的是是是是这这这这动动动动作作作作的的的的承承承承受受受受者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,如:如:Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettledbeingsettled.Hediditwithoutbeingaskedbeingasked.Theyinsistedontheirbeingtreatedasord

32、inarytheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkersworkers.Hedidntmindbeingleftathomebeingleftathome.Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat.注注注注:如如果果表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生,有有时需要用时需要用Ving的完成被动形式,如:的完成被动形式,如:Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancehavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.totrythismethod

33、.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?_hernewbicycle.(1997上海高考题上海高考题)AAsshelostBLostCLosingDBecauseoflosinglosinghernewbicycle是句子的主语,是句子的主语,谓语谓语madehersoupset被省略被省略CIcantimagine_thatwiththem.AdoBtodoCbeingdoneDdoingDShelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden(1995上海高考题)上海高考题)AvisitBpayingavisitCwalk

34、inDwalkinginD考查短语动词考查短语动词lookforwardto后跟动名词作宾语的用法。后跟动名词作宾语的用法。LetmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalistsDontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(1999上海高考题)上海高考题)AtoldBtellingCtotellDtohavetoldBremember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。 LetshavearestNotnowIdontwanttostop_yet.AstudyBtostudyCforstudyingDstudyingDImsor

35、ryfornothavingkeptmypromise(nothavingkeptmypromise发生在发生在amsorry之前)之前)Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjections(反对)(反对)atthemeetingWell,nowIregret_that(NMET1995)AtodoBtobedoingCtohavedoneDhavingdoneD发生在regret之前,要用完成时。Doyoumind_aloneathome?(1994上海高考题)上海高考题)AthebabyleavingBthebabyhavingleftCthebabysbeingleft

36、DthebabytobeleftBBBB被被独自留在家你介意吗?独自留在家你介意吗?CDoyoumindmyopeningthedoor?Doyoumindopeningthedoor?Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed(1996上海高考题)上海高考题)AtopersuadeBpersuadingCbeingpersuadedDbepersuadedCCanthelpbeingpersuadedintobuying意为意为“不可避免地会被说服买他们实际并不需要的东西不可避免地会被

37、说服买他们实际并不需要的东西”。Heinsistedonbeingsenttoworkinthecountryside他坚持要被派到乡下工作。他坚持要被派到乡下工作。Themachineneeds_.A.beingrepaired.B.toberepaired.C.repairingD.torepair. Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaning.=ThewindowneedsrequireswantstobecleanedB / CHomeworkDoEx2,3on62DoExincheckpoint21DoEx1,2,39、静夜四无邻,荒居旧业贫。2024/9

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39、旧国见青山。25 九月 20242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/2515、比不了得就不比,得不到的就不要。九月 242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/202416、行动出成果,工作出财富。2024/9/252024/9/2525 September 202417、做前,能够环视四周;做时,你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259、没有失败,只有暂时停止成功!。2024/9/252024/9/25Wednesday, September 25, 202410、很多事情努力了未

40、必有结果,但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/2024 7:49:32 AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/25Sep-2425-Sep-2412、世间成事,不求其绝对圆满,留一份不足,可得无限完美。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/25Wednesday, September 25, 202413、不知香积寺,数里入云峰。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/202414、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意

41、揉捏。25 九月 20242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/2515、楚塞三湘接,荆门九派通。九月 242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/202416、少年十五二十时,步行夺得胡马骑。2024/9/252024/9/2525 September 202417、空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259、杨柳散和风,青山澹吾虑。2024/9/252024/9/25Wednesday, September 25, 202410、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2024/9/252024/9/

42、252024/9/259/25/2024 7:49:32 AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/25Sep-2425-Sep-2412、越是无能的人,越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/25Wednesday, September 25, 202413、知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有力,自胜者强。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/202414、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。25 九月 20242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/2

43、515、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。九月 242024/9/252024/9/252024/9/259/25/202416、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2024/9/252024/9/2525 September 202417、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。2024/9/252024/9/252024/9/252024/9/25MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blandit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus. 感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉

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