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1、重庆大学版重庆大学版重庆大学版重庆大学版 高一高一高一高一 (3)(3)Unit 2Unit 2Unit 2 Parents and ChildrenGrammar动名词的功能动名词的功能1. I just feel learning English is too difficult for me.2. Learning English means speaking and using English as much as you can.3. I am very afraid of making mistakes in using it.4. What you can do then is
2、to keep practising it.Look at the sentences, paying attention to the colored words.The colored words are all v-ing.What the function are they? The “-ing” Participle ()一、动名词的构成和性质一、动名词的构成和性质 动名词由动词原形加词尾动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，构成，是一种非谓语动词形式。其构成是一种非谓语动词形式。其构成法与现在分词一样。动名词既有法与现在分词一样。动名词既有动词性质，又有名词性质。动词性质，又有名词性
3、质。1）动名词的动词性质表现在：可有宾语）动名词的动词性质表现在：可有宾语和状语从而构成动名词短语。和状语从而构成动名词短语。 e.g. I hope you dont mind my saying it.2）动名词的名词性质表现在：在句中可）动名词的名词性质表现在：在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语。用作主语、宾语、表语。 e.g. Travelling abroad can be very exciting.观察观察 观察下列句子中动词观察下列句子中动词-ing形式的用形式的用法，然后加以总结。法，然后加以总结。1. Playing with fire is very dangerous. 2.
4、 Seeing is believing. 动词动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作，通常放在和习惯性的动作，通常放在_。句首句首3. It is very important remembering others names. 4. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 动词动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用平衡，可以用it作形式主语，而动词作形式主语，而动词-ing形式则放在形式则放在 _ 作真正的主语。作真正的主语。如第如第3、4句。句。句中句中5. There is
5、no good walking in the rain.在在there is no结构中，通常用动词结构中，通常用动词-ing形形式作主语。式作主语。观察观察 观察下列句子中动词观察下列句子中动词-ing形式的用形式的用法，然后加以总结。法，然后加以总结。1. They dont allow fishing in the lake. 2. My mother advised asking a doctor to come and examine her eyes. 有些动词后有些动词后只能跟动词只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。如如al
6、low和和advise。有此用法的动词还有：有此用法的动词还有：admit, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, mention, permit, practice, quit, risk, suggest等。等。3. Lily remembered giving you the dictionary last afternoon. 动名词动名词有些动词后既可跟有些动词后既可跟_，也可跟动，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有词
7、不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有所不同。这些动词是：所不同。这些动词是：remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean等。等。动词动词-ing形式用在动词形式用在动词need, want, require等后，用动词等后，用动词-ing形式的形式的_形式或者用不定式的被动式表示被动形式或者用不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如此句意义。如此句也可用也可用The problem needs to be thought carefully 表示。表示。4. The problem needs thinking carefully.主动主动5. I am proud of
8、 having won so many gold medals.6. She went away without saying goodbye.7. My father has been used to going to bed late and getting up very early. 8. He has some difficulty in finding her house. 动词动词-ing形式作形式作_宾语。宾语。动词动词要特别注意：要特别注意：be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devot
9、e to等中的等中的to都是介词而不是动词不都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。定式符号。8. He has some difficulty in finding her house. 9. He is busy preparing for a meeting this afternoon. be busy doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth., be worth doing sth., spend some time / money (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth
10、. 都是都是惯用句型惯用句型，其中的动词，其中的动词-ing形式不能换成不定式。形式不能换成不定式。10. Do you mind my / me / Sally / Sallys leaving now？如果要明确表示出动词如果要明确表示出动词-ing形式的逻辑形式的逻辑主语，要在其前主语，要在其前加上物主代词或名词加上物主代词或名词所有格。所有格。注：注：动词动词-ing形式的形式的否定式否定式是在其是在其前加前加not或或never；完成式为完成式为“having + 过去分词过去分词”；一般式的被动式为一般式的被动式为“being + 过去分词过去分词”；完成式的被动式为完成式的被动式
11、为“having been + 过去分过去分词词”。用作表语，表示一般性、经常性的动作。用作表语，表示一般性、经常性的动作。如：如：The main thing is getting there in time.His main love is singing.动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，二者不可形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，二者不可混淆。试比较：混淆。试比较：Her job was washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。（动名词作表语）她的工作是洗衣服。（动名词作表语）She was washing cloth
12、es.她在洗衣服。（现在分词与她在洗衣服。（现在分词与was构成过构成过去进行时，用作谓语。）去进行时，用作谓语。）用作定语。动名词作定语说明其所修饰用作定语。动名词作定语说明其所修饰名词的用途。而现在分词作定语，则表名词的用途。而现在分词作定语，则表示其所修饰名词正在进行的动作。如：示其所修饰名词正在进行的动作。如：He may be in the reading room.Everybody was at his fighting post.There is a swimming pool at the back of the garden. (a swimming pool = a po
13、ol for swimming 动名词动名词swimming作定语作定语表示名词的用途表示名词的用途)l like that dancing girl. (a dancing girl = a girl who is dancing 现在分词现在分词dancing作定语表示名词正在进行的动作作定语表示名词正在进行的动作)有一些复合动名词也可用作定语。如：有一些复合动名词也可用作定语。如：peace-keeping troops维和部队维和部队练练练练 1.Read each of the following sentences carefully and decide whether ther
14、e is a mistake or not. If yes, mark and correct it. 1).It is useless to cry over spilt milk. 2).She didnt mind leaving alone at home. 3).Do you mind me making a suggestion? 4).I apologize for having not kept my promise. 5).Your suit needs ironing. 6).Jim forgot mailing the letter for me. cryingbeing
15、 leftnot havingto mail2.Underline the “-ing” participle in each of the following sentences and state its grammatical function.1)Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.2) Talking mends no holes.3) Seeing is believing.4) It is a waste of time discussing such matters.5) I remember seeing her once som
16、ewhere.6) She left without saying goodbye to us.宾语宾语主语主语主语主语表语表语主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语1. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.北京高考题北京高考题 A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop2.They set up an _ table in a small templ
17、e. A. operated B. to operate C. operate D. operating3. _ is a difficult habit to break. A. Smoke B. Smoked C. Smoking D. To smoke4. We are all looking forward to _ your country. A. visiting B. visit C. be visiting D. being visiting5. Its no use _ a lot of books without reading them. A. buy B. to buy
18、 C. buying D. bought6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave7. I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. （上海（上海2010） A. find B. found C. to find D. finding8. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. （上海（上海2009） A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 9. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. （陕西（陕西2009） A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken Bye-bye!
