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1、 Module 3The Violence of NatureGrammar Grammar 1The past perfect passive 1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilled.2.CoghlantraveledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas.Grammar1-1.Lookatthesesentencesandanswerthequestions.1.Whicheventhappenedfirst?(a)thetornadoending(b)700peopledy
2、ing(c)(c)travellingbacktoCanada(d)(d)beingburiedinTexas(e)2.Howcanyoushowthatoneeventhappenedbeforeanother?(f)Byusingatensewhichisfurtherinthepast(inthiscasethepastperfecttense)过去完成时过去完成时 (1) 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|-|-|-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时现在那时现在 其构成是其构成是had+过去分词构成。过去分词构成。(3)过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语before
3、,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。e.g.:1.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.2.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.3.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.被动语态被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态的具体用法如下所表示：态的具体
4、用法如下所表示：用法用法例句例句不清楚动作的执行者不清楚动作的执行者时候时候(1)TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(2)Hisbikewasstolen.没有必要或不想指出没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者谁是动作的执行者(1)PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(2)Doyouknowwhenthebuildingwasbuilt?强调或突出动作的承强调或突出动作的承受者受者(1)Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.(2)Thispaintingwaspainted
5、.1.Afterthehurricane,Mary_(see)that2.theroofofherhouse_(disappear)2.She_(return)homeand_(find)allherfurniture_(ruin)bytheflood.3.Arthurwassurprisedwhenhe_(arrive)homebecausethetornado_(take)thefeathersoffhischickens.Grammar1-2.Choosethecorrecttenseandvoicetocompleteeachsentence.sawreturnedhaddisappe
6、aredfoundhadbeenruinedarrivedhadtaken4.We_(leave)thehousewhenthethunderstorm_(finish).5.He_(try)todrivebacktohishomebeforetheflood_(pass)throughtheVillage.lefthadfinishedtriedpassed注意：注意：当从句由当从句由after, before, whenafter, before, when或或as soon asas soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。一般过去时。Grammar
7、1-3.Completethesesentenceswiththeverbsfromthebox.Usethepastperfectpassive,ifnecessary.destroydiefallfloodkill1Aftertheearthquake,theydiscoveredthatseveralpeople_2Whenthehurricaneended,severalbuildingsinthetown_3Hisvillage_4intheheavyrain,sohemovedtohisparentshouse.hadbeenkilled/haddiedhadbeendestroy
8、ed/hadfallendownhadbeenflooded/hadbeendestroyed4Whenshewokeup,shefoundthatherhouse_bythethunderstorm.5Arthurwasunhappybecausesomeofhisanimals_.hadbeendestroyedhaddied/hadbeenkilled1.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthat2.hismother_already_tohospital.A.has;beensentB.had;sentB.C.has;sentD.had;beensentC.2.
9、We_fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastD.term.E.hadlearnedB.learnedF.C.havelearnedD.willhavelearned ExercisesDA3.HanMeitoldmeshe_lunch,soshewasveryhungry.A.hashadB.hasnthaveC.havehadD.hadnthad4.Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_builtinthecity.A.havebeenB.haveC.hadbeenD.will5.She_herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowai
10、tuntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.hadleft;wouldcomeC.hadleft;cameD.left;hadcomeDCC6.HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_agooddrink.A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.haveenjoyedD.havebeenenjoying7.Themeeting_whenMr.Wang_toschool.A.hasbegun;getB.hasbeenon;getC.hadbegun;gotD.hadbeenon;gotACFormoreexerci
11、ses,clickhere.Grammar 2 Indirect speech 定义：定义：直接引语直接引语: :直接引用别人的话直接引用别人的话, ,把它把它放在引号内。放在引号内。间接引语间接引语: :用自己的话转述别人的话。用自己的话转述别人的话。间接间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 “Imabeautifulgirl.”Shesaid.(Directspeech)Shesaidshewasabeautifulgirl.(IndirectSpeech)直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语和间接引语的转换在直接引语向间接引语转
12、换的过程中，不在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。1.直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称。如：引语后要根据意思改变人称。如：Shesaid,“Imhungry.”Shesaidthatshewashungry.2. 若主句谓语动词时一般过去时，直接引语若主句谓语动词时一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引
13、语间接引语间接引语现在时现在时过去时过去时现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时现在完成现在完成时时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成过去完成时时不变不变将来时将来时过去将来时过去将来时将来进行将来进行时时过去将来进过去将来进行时行时将来完成时将来完成时 过去将来完过去将来完成时成时Hesaid,“Imapoliceman.”Hesaidthathewasapoliceman.Hesaid,“Implayingfootballnow.”Hesaidthathewasplayingfootballthen.Hesaid,“Ihavedonemyhomework.”H
14、esaidthathehaddonehishomework.Hesaid,“Isawafilmyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybefore.Hesaid,“Ihadlearned3000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.Hesaidthathehadlearned3000Englishwordsbytheendofthetermbefore.3. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：如下表：直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthesethatthose
15、时间状语时间状语nowtodaytonightthenthatdaythatnightthisweeklastweekyesterdayfivedaysagotomorrownextweekthatweektheweekbeforethedaybeforefivedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek地点状语地点状语herethere动词动词comego4.若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或或whether，如：，如：Sheaskedhermother,“CanIgo
16、shoppingwithyou?”Sheaskedhermotherif/whethershecouldgoshoppingwithher.Heaskedme,“WillyouhaveatestonThursday?Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldhaveatestonThursday.5.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序，要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序，如：如：“Howmuchmoneydoyouspendonbooks?”heaskedme.HeaskedmehowmuchmoneyIspent
17、onbooks.“Whatisyouruncle?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhatmyunclewas.6.当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为改为tell(ask,order,advise)sb.(not)todosth.的句型。也就是把动词原形变成的句型。也就是把动词原形变成动词不定时，并在动词不定式前用动词不定时，并在动词不定式前用tell,ask,order等动词及其宾语。如果祈使等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not，如：如：Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“D
18、ontplayfootballinthestreet.”Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.Mymothersaidtome,“Pleasecomeandhelpme.”Mymotheraskedmetogoandhelpher.1.“Imstillworkingbecausethereisalottodo.”hesaid.Hesaidthathewasstillworkingbecausetherewasalottodo.presentsimplebecomespastsimpleGrammar2-1.Whatare
19、thetensechangesinindirectspeech?2.Hesaid,“Eleventhousandpeoplelivehereandsixthousandleftlastweek.”Hesaidthateleventhousandpeoplelivedthereandsixthousandhadleftaweekbefore.presentsimplebecomespastsimple;pastsimplebecomespastperfect;Herebecomesthere;lastweekbecomesaweekbefore.3.“Doesthismeanthatthedan
20、gerisover?”heasked.Heaskedifthismeantthatthedangerwasover.presentsimplebecomespastsimple;Weadd“if”ifthedirectspeechisa“Yes/Noquestion”.1.Heoftensays,“Chinaisgreat.”Heoftensays(that)Chinaisgreat.2.“Idontwanttoplayfootball.”hesaid.Hesaid(that)hedidntwanttoplayfootball.陈述句变为间接引语陈述句变为间接引语, ,要用要用that引导从句
21、引导从句, ,口语中口语中常可省略。常可省略。Grammar2-2.Readfollowingsentences,thendrawaconclusionofthem.1.Hesays,“IsTomanEnglishman?”Heaskedwhether/ifTomwasanEnglishman.2.Heaskedme“Doyouwanttogo?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwantedtogo.一般疑问句变成间接引语一般疑问句变成间接引语, ,要由连词要由连词if/whether引导引导, ,并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。1.Hesaid
22、,“Whereisshegoing?”Heaskedwhereshewasgoing.2.Heaskedme“whatdidyoudo?”HeaskedmewhatIhaddone.特殊疑问句变为间接引语特殊疑问句变为间接引语, ,引导词仍用特殊引导词仍用特殊疑问词疑问词, ,但疑问语序要变为陈述语序。但疑问语序要变为陈述语序。1.“Tom,”hesaidtohim,“comehere,please.”HeaskedTomtogothere.2.Fathersaidtome,“Dontdothat.”Fathertoldmenottodothat.祈使句变为间接引语时祈使句变为间接引语时, ,
23、用用ask/tell/ordersb.to/nottodosth. 连接。连接。Grammar23.Rewritethesentencesusingthereportingexpressions.1Volcaniceruptionsdonthappenveryoftenontheisland.Ascientistsaidthat_.2Noonewasontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption.Alocaljournalistsaidthat_.volcaniceruptionsdidnthappenveryoftenontheislandnoonewas/hadb
24、eenontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption3Thethunderstormwillputoutthefires.Localpeoplesaidthat_.4Theresidentscangobacktotheirhomes.Thegovernorsaidthat_.thethunderstormwouldputoutthefirestheresidentscouldgobacktotheirhomes5Severaleruptionshavetakenplaceinthelasttwentyyears.Alocalradiostationsaidthat_.
25、6Theresidentswilltravelbacktotheislandwhenthedangerisover.Alocaljournalistsaidthat_.severaleruptionshadtakenplaceintheprevious20yearsagotheresidentswouldtravelbacktotheislandwhenthedangerwasoverExercises把下列句子改为直接引语.1.Heaskedwhypeoplewenttohamburgerrestaurants.2.Thestudenttoldhisheadteacherthathewoul
26、dgototheGreatWallthenextday.Heasked,“Whydopeoplegotohamburgerrestaurants?”Thestudentsaidtohisheadteacher,“IllgototheGreatWalltomorrow.”3.Iaskedherifsheenjoyedthemovieshehadseen.4.Mr.WangaskedhowhecouldimprovehisspokenEnglish.5.SheaskedmewhatIhadeatenthedaybefore.Isaidtoher,“Doyouenjoythemovieyousaw?
27、”Mr.Wangsaid,“HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?”Shesaidtome,“Whatdidyoueatyesterday?”把下列句子改为间接引语.1.“IdontthinkIwillbeabletofinishitintime,”Mikesaid.2.“ItsthemostinterestingfilmIveeverseen,”hetoldhisfriend.Mikesaidthathedidntthinkhewouldbeabletofinishitintime.Hetoldhisfriendthatitwasthemostinterestingfi
28、lmhehadeverseen.3.Thedoctorsaid,“Themanhashurthislegratherbadly.”4.Mymothersaid,“Haveyourottentoothbeenpulledout?”5.“Howwillyougotothepark?”Brownsaidtohisyoungerbrother.Thedoctorsaidthatthemanhadhurthislegratherbadly.Mymotheraskedifmyrottentoothhadbeenpulledout.Brownaskedhisyoungerbrotherhowhewouldg
29、otothepark. 6.Heaskedme,“Youareastudent,arentyou?”7.“Whereisthestation?”saidTom.8.“Whydontyoustayhereovertheweekend?”shesaid.HeaskedmeifIwasastudent.Tomaskedwherethestationwas.ShesuggestedIshouldstayhereovertheweekend.Formoreexercises,clickhere.HomeworkReviewwhatyouhavelearned.Getreadyforthenextperiodofclass.Goodbye!Goodbye!
