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1、Rev. 1/10National Institutes of Health美国国立卫生研究院美国国立卫生研究院 美国最主要的医学与行为学研究和资助机构，美国最主要的医学与行为学研究和资助机构， 美国公共健康服务中美国公共健康服务中心的下属部门之一，隶属美国卫生与人类服务署心的下属部门之一，隶属美国卫生与人类服务署 (HHS). (HHS). 自自 1938 1938 年至今，年至今，NIH NIH 及其附属机构的总部位于马里兰州及其附属机构的总部位于马里兰州 Bethesda Bethesda ，占地超过，占地超过 300 300 英亩，拥英亩，拥有有 75 75 座建筑，资产已从座建筑，资
2、产已从 1887 1887 年的年的 300 300 美元增至美元增至 2002 2002 年的年的 234 234 亿美元。亿美元。 国立肿瘤研究所(National Cancer Institute) 科学评审中心 (Center for Scientific Review) 国立心、肺、血液病研究所 (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) 国立眼科研究所 (National Eye Institute) 国立人类基因组研究所 (National Human Genome Research Institute) 国立药物滥用研究所 (Nati
3、onal Institute on Drug Abuse) 国立老化研究所 (National Institute on Aging) 国立环境卫生研究所 (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) 国立酒精滥用与中毒研究所 (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) 国立综合医学研究所 (National Institute of General Medical Sciences) 国立变态反应与感染性疾病研究所 (National Institute of Alle
4、rgy and Infectious Diseases) 国立精神卫生研究所 (National Institute of Mental Health) 国立关节肌肉骨骼及皮肤病研究所 (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) 国立神经病学与卒中研究所 (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) 国立儿童健康与人类发育研究所 (National Institute of Child Health and Human Dev
5、elopment) 国立护理医学研究所 (National Institute of Nursing Research) 国立耳聋与其他交流障碍性疾病研究所 (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders ) 国立医学国立医学图书馆 (National Library of Medicine) 1968 年年归属属 NIH 国立口腔与颅面研究所 (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research) 国立研究资源中心 (National Center f
6、or Research Resources) John E. Fogarty 国际中心 (John E. Fogarty International Center ， FIC) 1968 国立糖尿病消化与肾病研究所 (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) 国立补充与替代医学研究中心 ( 相对于常规医学疗法而言 ,National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) 国立生物医学影像学与生物工程学研究所 (National Institu
7、te for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering) Warren Grant Magnuson 临床医学中心 (Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center) 信息技术中心 (Center for Inxxxxation Technology ) 国立少数民族健康与健康水平差别研究中心 (National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities)美美国国国国立立卫卫生生研研究究院院美美国国国国家家医学图书医学图书館館1836年 成立(Joseph Lovell)18
8、40年 Dr. Thomas Lawson 编写第一部目录 (134册图书馆藏)1864年 出版第一本目录 (2100册藏书)1836-1921: 陆军军医署图书馆( The Library of the Army Surgeon Generalss Office )1922:陆军医学图书馆(The Army Medical Library )1952:三军医学图书馆( The Armed Forced Medical Library )1956年8月:由艾林豪总统批准该项法案，正式改名为国家医学图书馆( National Library of Medicine-NLM )1. 1.图书馆的图
9、书馆图书馆的图书馆2. 2.数据库的制造者数据库的制造者3.NLM3.NLM类表与类表与MeSHMeSH的编制者和维护者的编制者和维护者4. 4.生物医学信息之相关研究与发展的领导者生物医学信息之相关研究与发展的领导者5. 5.各种研究计划经费的赞助者各种研究计划经费的赞助者6. 6.各种教育训练的提供者各种教育训练的提供者美国国立生物技术信息中心美国国立生物技术信息中心PubMedPubMed医学文献检索服务系统医学文献检索服务系统My NCBIClick My NCBIClick RegisterFollow instructions to fill out formDo provide
10、an email so youcan save search strategiesSearching PubMedClick PubMedClick MeSH DatabaseMeSH DatabaseTerms in the database are calledMedical Subject Headings or MeSH.is a “controlled vocabulary list” of more than19,00019,000 subject headings.10-15 MeSH are assigned to each articlein PubMed.The MeSH
11、index of 10-15 subject headingsis like a keyword abstract of the article.MeSH are updated annually in December.D1 Inorganic ChemicalsD2 Organic ChemicalsD3 Heterocyclic CompoundsD4 Polycyclic HydrocarbonsD5 Environmental Pollutants, Noxae, & PesticidesD6 Hormones, Substitutes, Antagonists D7 Reprodu
12、ctive Control AgentsD8 Enzymes, Coenzymes, Enzyme InhibitorsD9 Carbohydrates & HypoglycemicsD10 Lipids and Antilipemic Agents D11 Growth Substances, Pigments, Vitamins D12 Amino Acids, Peptides, & ProteinsD13 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, & NucleosidesD14 Neurotransmitters & Neurotransmitter AgentsD15
13、 Central Nervous System AgentsD16 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases D17 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antirheumatic AgentsD18 Cardiovascular Agents D19 Hematologic, Gastric, Renal AgentsD20 Anti-Infective Agents D21 Anti-Allergic & Respiratory System AgentsD22 Antineoplastics, ImmunosuppressivesD23 Der
14、matologic AgentsD24 Immunologic and Biologic Factors D25 Biomedical and Dental MaterialsD26 Miscellaneous Drugs and AgentsC1 Bacterial & Fungal DiseasesC2 Virus DiseasesC3 Parasitic DiseasesC4 NeoplasmsC5 Musculoskeletal DiseasesC6 Digestive System DiseasesC7 Stomatognathic DiseasesC8 Respiratory Tr
15、act DiseasesC9 Otorhinolaryngolic DiseasesC10 Nervous System DiseasesC11 Eye DiseasesC12 Urologic & Male Genital DiseasesC13 Female Genital Diseases & Pregnancy ComplicationsC14 Cardiovascular DiseasesC15 Hemic & Lymphatic DiseasesC16 Neonatal Diseases & AbnormalitiesC17 Skin & Connective Tissue Dis
16、easesC18 Nutritional & Metabolic DiseasesC19 Endocrine DiseasesC20 Immunologic DiseasesC21 Injury, Occupational Diseases, & PoisoningC22 Animal DiseasesC23 Symptoms & General Pathology A1 Body Regions A2 Musculoskeletal System A3 Digestive System A4 Respiratory System A5 Urogenital System A6 Endocri
17、ne System A7 Cardiovascular System A8 Nervous System A9 Sense Organs A10 Tissue Types A11 Cells A12 Fluids and Secretions A13 Animal Terms A14 Stomatognathic System A15 Hemic and Immune Systems A16 Embryonic Structures B1 Invertebrates B2 Vertebrates B3 Bacteria B4 Viruses B5 Algae and Fungi B6 Plan
18、ts Frequently Used Mesh CategoriesA AnatomyC DiseasesB OrganismsD DrugsOther Categories Include:Analytical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Techniques & EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyBiological SciencesPhysical SciencesTechnology & Food & BeveragesAnthropology, Education, Sociology & Social PhenomenaH
19、umanitiesInformation SciencePersonsHealth CareGeographic LocationsCreate a Search Strategy PlanIdentify the question and key concepts:Speech therapy in the rehabilitationof brain injuries or strokeWrite the search program using keywords and subject headings. Enter and click aa(Note: If there is a Bo
20、olean ORRelationship, start with the“OR” statement first.)Gobrain injuriesTerm DefinitionsClick the underlined term to goto the subheadings1) Check the box nextto the subheadinga 2) Then clickand selectSend toSearch Box with ORThe first term is inthe search program “box”MeSH Enter and click aa(Note:
21、 If there is a Boolean ORRelationship, start with the“OR” statement first.)GostrokeClick the underlined term to go tothe subheadings and tree structuresScroll screen down to view terms arranged intree structure hierarchyMeSHTerms are listed from broadest to narrowest.If Stroke yields zero results, t
22、ry using abroader term: Cerebrovascular Disorders. terms arranged intree structure hierarchyMeSHScroll screenback upSub-headings narrow the “meaning” of a MeSH term.They are a “subset” of all the articles underunder the MeSH term: Stroke. abnormalitiesepidemiology psychology administrations & dosage
23、ethics radiation effects adverse effectsethnology radiography agonistsetiology radionuclide imaging analogs & deriviativesgenetics radiotherapy analysisgrowth & development anatomy & histologyhistory rehabilitation antagonists & inhibitorsimmunology biosynthesisinjuries secondary bloodinnervation se
24、cretion blood supplyinstrumentation standards cerebrospinal fluidisolation & purification statistics & numerical data chemical synthesis legislation & jurisprudence supply & distribution chemically induced manpower surgery chemistrymetabolism therapeutic use classificationmethods therapy complicatio
25、ns microbiology toxicity congenitalmortality transmission contraindicationsnursing transplantation cytologyorganization & administration trends deficiencyparasitology ultrasonography diagnosispathogenicity ultrastructure diagnostic usepathology urine diet therapypharmacokinetics utilization drug eff
26、ectspharmacology veterinary drug therapyphysiology virology economicsphysiopathology educationpoisoning embryologyprevention & control 82 SUBHEADINGS:1) Check the box nextto the subheadinga 2) Then clickand selectSend toSearch Box with ORBoolean Logic - ORRehabilitationofstrokeORRehabilitationofbrai
27、n injuriesaaEnterspeech therapyand click Go1)Check the box next to the MeSH terma 2) Then clickand selectSend toSearch Box with ANDBoolean Logic - ANDspeechtherapyrehabilitation ofbrain injuriesORrehabilitation of strokeandThe search program is complete.ClickSearch PubMedSearch ResultsPubMed identif
28、ies 68 articlesClick Advanced SearchScroll screen to select limits.Clickto apply limits.SearchResults are reducedfrom 68 to 60Note clickablesearch filter results XSelect articles from titles list.XXXClick Display Settings Select Abstract and click ApplyClick for MeSH terms.+MeSH Databasesearches onl
29、y the MeSH terms for: ANDORStroke/ rehabilitationSpeech therapyBrain injuries/rehabilitation Look at subject headings in theMeSH Terms Indexfor additional terms.Cognition Disorders/therapyYou may want to write a new searchprogram using:Note thatSubstances havetheir own index.Drug names are listed he
30、re.Linking toFull-Text Articlesin Electronic JournalsClick icon for full text.Click ScienceDirectClick PDFFull Text Article Close Article Advanced SearchClick Advanced SearchFlexible search strategies can be built byaacreating separate sets of MeSH terms andaacombining them using the Booleen menu.Ve
31、rify Your My NCBI Account 1)Open your email. 2)There will be message from NCBI.3) Copy and paste the verification URL intothe web address bar and return.4) Your account will be verified by theNational Library of Medicine.5) NOTE: you will NOT receive any spam as a result of this account.Verifying Your AccountSelect Search FiltersSave SearchClick resultsClick Save search Click SaveOnline TutorialClick tutorials for hands-on learning.
