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1、Unit 3 A healthy lifeGrammar: the use of “it”Talk about the following pictures, using Itisnouse/gooddoingsth做做没有用没有用/不好不好Itisfundoingsth做做很有趣很有趣还想跑？还想跑？甭想！甭想！想追我想追我?没门没门！Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老活到老,学到老。学到老。Itiseasiertofallthantorise.摔倒容易爬起来难。摔倒容易爬起来难。Itisnousecryingoverspilt(溢出的溢出的)milk.覆水难收。覆水难收。
2、Itneverrainsbutitpours(泼水泼水).不鸣则已不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。一鸣惊人。Proverbs(谚语谚语)with“It”Itiseasytoopenashopbuthardtokeepitalwaysopen.创业容易守业难。创业容易守业难。Ittakesthreegenerations(代代)tomakeagentleman.十年树木十年树木,百年树人。百年树人。牢记以下常用于该句型的形容词牢记以下常用于该句型的形容词Itisclear/obvious/true/possible/certain/amazing/ridiculous等等+that从句从句.思考思考:为什么
3、要用为什么要用it做形式主语而把真正做形式主语而把真正主语放到后面去主语放到后面去?遵循英语语言的尾重原则遵循英语语言的尾重原则, 避免句子避免句子头重脚轻。头重脚轻。The use of “it”一、一、用作人称代词用作人称代词,代表前面提到的人或事物代表前面提到的人或事物1)Whosit?_me.2)Lookatthepicture._isapictureofourschool. ItsIt二、用于代替指示代词二、用于代替指示代词this和和that。-Isthisjacketyours?-Yes,_is.itConclusion:it可以用作非人称代词可以用作非人称代词,表示表示_,_,
4、_,_,_,_等。等。Read and analyze the sentences.ItisFridaytoday.ItwasverycoldlastMonday.Itisabout8:30now.Itisabout25kmfromLongxiantoBazi.ItliesinthesouthofShaoguancity.Itis40C!Yougotahighfever!dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature 日期日期 天气天气时间时间距离距离地点地点温度温度三、用以表示时间、距离、天气、气候、三、用以表示时间、距离、天气、气候、季节、环境等季节、环境等
5、1)Itishalfpasteightnow.2)Itsonlyhalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool.3)Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.4)Ithasrainedmuchthisyear.5)Itsspringnow.6)Itsquiethere.TimeDistanceWeatherWeatherSeasonCircumstance替代作主语的替代作主语的从句从句、动词不定式动词不定式、动名词动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于动词不定式、动名词置于句尾句尾。四、四、it用作形式主语用作形式主
6、语1.代作主语的代作主语的动词不定式动词不定式此处此处adj.通常为通常为描述事件描述事件的形容词的形容词:easy,difficult,necessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,important,legal,illegal,polite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,dangerousItisdangerous(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.1)Itbe+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.此处此处adj.通常为通常为描述人描述人的形容词的形容词:kin
7、d,nice,rude,considerate,thoughtful,careful,careless,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.2)Itbe+adj.+ofsb.todosth.Itsnogood/usedoing做某事无好处做某事无好处/无用无用Its(well)worthdoing做某事是值得的做某事是值得的Its(well)worthwhiledoing/todoe.g.Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收覆水难收3)It替代作主语的替代作主语的动名
8、词（动名词（动名词（动名词（V-ingV-ing）的常见句型的常见句型真正的主语是真正的主语是nogood,nouse,greatfun,anew，experience,worth等词后的动名词等词后的动名词Itisobviousthatthewaterwastoblame.Itistruethathewilltreatmeforbreakfasttomorrow.ItisamazingthatatmyageIstilllooklikeastudent!分析分析:it是是_,句子真正的主语是句子真正的主语是_。Read and analyze the sentences.形式主语形式主语tha
9、t引导的主语从句引导的主语从句2.it作形式主语替代作形式主语替代主语从句主语从句Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain)that.该句型中该句型中it是形式主语是形式主语,真正的主语是真正的主语是that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,常译为常译为“清楚清楚(显然显然,真的真的)”,是主语从句最常见的一种结构。是主语从句最常见的一种结构。e.g.Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.Itisadj.+从句从句Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/to
10、ld/hoped.)that.该句型中的该句型中的it仍是形式主语仍是形式主语,真正主语是真正主语是that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句;该结构常译为该结构常译为“据说据说(据报道据报道,据悉据悉)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.ItisreportedthatYaoMinghasreturnedtoChina.Itisv-edthat=sb./sth.istodoItis+noun+从句从句Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/.)that.该句型中该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气后的
11、从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形动词原形),should可省去。表示可省去。表示出乎意料出乎意料,常译为常译为“竟然竟然”。没有这种意义时。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。如：则不用虚拟语气。如：Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾！真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了他生病了,真遗憾！真遗憾！五、五、it作形式宾语作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词、宾不定式、动名词、宾语从句语从句时时,往往把宾语放在它的往往把
12、宾语放在它的补足语后面补足语后面，而用而用it作形式宾语作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的该句型中的it作形式宾语作形式宾语,常用的动词有常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。等。 Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常有趣。我发现学英语非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他对
13、那门学科不感兴趣。他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。六、用于强调句型中六、用于强调句型中It+be+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who(人人)从句从句ImetTomintheparkyesterday.1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.Itwasfiveoclock_Igothome.Itwasatfiveoclock_Igotho
14、me. whenthatItisnotuntil+被强调部分被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语时间状语,译成汉语译成汉语“直到直到才才”,可以说是可以说是not.until.的强调形式。如的强调形式。如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfil
15、mstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.1)Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(92)A.when,thatB.until,whenC.until,thatD.when,then2)Itwasnotuntil_that_topreparehislessons.(91)A.didhisfathercomein,theboybeganB.didhisfathercomein,didtheboybeginC.hisfathercamein,didtheboybeginD.hi
16、sfathercamein,theboybeganCD强调句用以强调主语强调句用以强调主语,宾语宾语,介词宾语以及状语。介词宾语以及状语。(强调人时用强调人时用that和和who/whom皆可皆可)Itwasshewho/thathadbeenwrong是她错了。是她错了。()Itwasthegirlwhom/thatImetjustnow我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。()ItwasTomtowhomtheteacherhadtalked老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。()ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened所
17、有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。()主语主语宾语宾语介词宾语介词宾语状语状语七、七、it常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 1.makeit1)在口语当中相当于在口语当中相当于succeed,表示表示:成功、成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达如做到、说定、赶上、及时到达如:Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.2)在口语中相当于在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示表示“约定好时间约定好时间”如如:Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thin
18、gseasy相当于相当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告用来劝告别人别人,表示表示“不要慌不要慌,别担心别担心,沉住气沉住气”Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中在口语中,相当于相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet,表示表示“那那得看情况得看情况,还没有定下来还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.4.Itsuptosb.在口语中在口语中,相当于相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示表示“由由决定
19、决定,由由负负责责,取决于取决于”Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyou.高考链接高考链接1.Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津天津2007)A.thisB.that C.itD.these2._isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(浙江浙江2006)A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.ItCD3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatshesh
20、ouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.(2005全国全国)A.itB.sheC.which D.he4.Idappreciate_ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(山东山东2006)A.thatB.itC.thisD.youAB5.Itwas_hecamebackfromAfricathatyear_hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(江西江西2009)A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.olny,when6.ItwasalongtheMissip
21、piRiver_MarkTwainspentmuchofhidchildhood.(天津天津2008)A.howB.whichC.thatD.whereC C 改错改错1.Youwontfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.(2004全国全国)2.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.(2004湖北湖北)3.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregardedas“thebestcarintheworld”.find后加后加itthereitThisItExercises:1.Ihate_whe
22、npeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Inwhichplayis_yourbrotherwillappear?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere3._theharderyouwork,thebetterresultyoullget.A.ItsbelievedthatB.WhatwebelievedthatC.ItsfactD.WhatthefactisACA4.Nothingcanstopus,_?A.cantitB.canitC.cantweD.canwe5.-Canyoute
23、llushowthewarwaswonintheend?-Idontknow,_.A.ItshardtosayB.ItdoesntmatterC.ItsnousesayingD.ItdependsontheworkBA6.Does_matteralotwhethershewillcomeherebybusorbytaxi?A.ThethingB.thatC.itD.hermother7.-Listen!Someoneisunlockingthegoods.-_mustbeyourfathercomingbackfromBeijing.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.ThisCA8.-Ha
24、veyouwrittenalettertoher?-No,butImgoingtowrite_tonight.A.itB.thatC.thoseD.one9.-Aretheycomingtothemeeting?-_.A.IknowsoB.IamsuresoC.IamsureofitD.Iquestionit10._nowprettylate,wetookcandlesandwentupstairs.A.BeingB.ForC.ForbeingD.ItbeingDAD11.Theteachertoldthestudents_.A.whytolearnEnglishimportantB.whyw
25、asitimportanttolearnEnglishC.whyitimportanttolearnEnglishD.whyitwasimportanttolearnEnglish12.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan_inJapan.A.thatB.thoseC.themD.itDB13.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan_usedtobe.A.ItB.weC.theyD.them14.-Imlookingforaflat.-Wouldyoulike_with_garden?A.it;theB.it;aC.one;aD.on
26、e;the15._fouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ThereisD.TherewasCCBTell the function of “it”:1.Itsdifficulttorememberalltheirnames.2.Itsveryquietinthecaf.3.Itrainedforthreedays.4.Hemadeitclearthathedidntwanttospeaktome.5.Itwasnicetomeetyou.形式主语形式主语, 代替代替CircumstanceWeather形式宾语形式宾语, 代替代替形式主语形式主
27、语, 代替代替6.ItwasonTuesdaythatSmithcame.7.Itsthreemilesfromheretothenearestgarage.8.Atallmanstoodupandshookhands.ItwascaptainLawrie.9.Ihearyouboughtanewbike.Canyoushowittome?用于强调句型中用于强调句型中Distance人称代词人称代词, 代表前面提到的人。代表前面提到的人。人称代词人称代词, 代表前面提到的物。代表前面提到的物。10.Itwasfiveoclockwhenwegotbackhomeyesterday.11.Itw
28、asdirtyandwetbelowtheshipwheretheslaveswerekept.12.Itwasonthiscoastthatlotsofhispeopledisappeared.13.Itwasmostlikelythatonethirdofthemhadlosttheirlives.Time Circumstance用于强调句型用于强调句型作引导词作引导词, 在句中作形式主语在句中作形式主语, 代替后面的从句。代替后面的从句。1.Imstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.Thatisamazing.Itisamazin
29、gthatIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.2.Myfatherhasquitsmoking.Thatiswonderful.Itiswonderfulthatmyfatherhasquitsmoking.Rewritethefollowingsentences,using“Itsthat”.3.Youcouldsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.(Itislikely).Itislikelythatyoucouldsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.4.C
30、hinaproducesonethirdoftheworldscigarettes.Itisreported.ItisreportedthatChinaproducesonethirdoftheworldscigarettes.5.Birdflu(禽流感禽流感)hitChinaagain.Thatisknowntous.Itisknowntousthatbirdflu(禽流感禽流感)hitChinaagain.6.LiYuchungotmorethanonemillionyuanfortheadvertisement.Peoplesaythat.ItissaidthatLiYuchungotm
31、orethanonemillionYuanfortheadvertisement.7.Someyoungpeoplethinkthattheylookattractivewhentheysmoke.ItseemsthatItseemsthatsomeyoungpeoplethinktheylookattractivewhentheysmoke.1.是到戒烟的时候了。是到戒烟的时候了。(quit)Itistimetoquitsmoking.2.让人惊讶的是在我这个年纪我依然让人惊讶的是在我这个年纪我依然这么健康。这么健康。(Itisamazingthat.)ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillsofit.Itisalittledifficultforadolescentstobecomeaccustomedtoanewenvironment.3.一旦你吸烟上了瘾一旦你吸烟上了瘾,你会发现要把它戒掉你会发现要把它戒掉很难。很难。(addict.to;tough)Onceyouareaddictedtosmoking,youwillfindittoughtogiveitup.4.青少年要适应新的环境有点难。青少年要适应新的环境有点难。(adolescent;accustom.to)Homework1.完成全优课堂完成全优课堂P37的练习的练习
