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1、从属连词从属连词that; whether or not; if 连接代词连接代词who; whose, which; what 连接副词连接副词When; where; why; how 复合关系代词复合关系代词Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever 引导词引导词顾名思义，主语从句在整个句子中作主语。引导词that只起连接作用，本身无词义。 That he will succeed is certain. It is certain that he will succeed. 他肯定会成功。形形式式主主语语Whether John will come o
2、r not doesnt matter much. It doesnt matter whether John will come or not. 连接代词引导连接代词引导who; whose, which; what Who will be elected as monitor is not known.(who 是从句的主语是从句的主语) 谁谁Whose bag was stolen is not known. (whose 是从句的定语）是从句的定语）谁的谁的Which method is better can be easily seen. (which是从句的定语是从句的定语) 哪种
3、哪种What qualities this kind of material have has not been found out. It hasnt been found out what qualities this kind of material have. 这种材料具有什么性质还没搞清楚。（定语）What love is seems difficult to answer. （表语）What they are discussing is a boys future. （宾语）What made him so angry is Lucys impoliteness. （主语）What
4、 is important to you is also important to me. 主语） 连接副词连接副词When; where; why; how When rocket was invented is known to us all. It is know to us all when rocket was invented.我们都知道火箭是什么时候发明的。（when是从句的时间状语）Why he killed her should be investigated. How she will go to Beijing hasnt decided. 复合关系代词复合关系代词Wha
5、tever; whoever; whomever; whichever Whatever has a beginning has an end. Whatever she says is true. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mistake. 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实不符的假设，猜测以及建议和主观愿望。 1） 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气4）从句中的虚拟语气1) 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气非真实条件引导的虚拟语气时间时间条件从句的时态条件从句的时态 主句时态主句时态对现在情况的对
6、现在情况的假设假设对过去情况的对过去情况的假设假设对将来情况的对将来情况的假设假设(过去时）过去时） did /were（过去分词）（过去分词）had doneshould do/ were to do Would/should/could/ might doWould/should/could/might have doneWould/should/could/might do1. 对现在情况现在情况的假设 如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告。 If I were you, I would accept his advice. 倒装： Were I you, I would accept his
7、 advice. 如果没有你的帮助，他会失败的。 If it werent for your help, he would fail. 2. 对过去情况过去情况的假设 假如他当初努力学习，他可能早得到奖学金了。 If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 倒装： Had he studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 2. 对对过去情况过去情况的假设的假设 如果没有他，我们可能输了这场比赛。 If it hadnt been for him, we would ha
8、ve lost the game. 倒装： Had it not been for him, we would have lost the game. 3. 对将来将来情况情况的假设 如果明天下雨，我们就要取消比赛。 If it should rain tomorrow we would cancel the race. 要是有一天我上了月球,我就能亲眼目睹它的样子。 If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see it with my own eyes. 2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气 假设的条件由下列介词（短语）等引出
9、 In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 如果没有重力，地球就没有空气。 But for him, I would have been drowned. 要不是他，我就被淹死了。In the absence of, expect for, but for, without 2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气 通过上下文语境表现 Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误本来是可以避免的。 You should have done better
10、. 你可以做得更好。3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气如果我是你，我就听他的忠告了。If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句表现在，主句表过去）如果我之前听了医生的忠告，我现在就不会病倒了。If she had taken the doctors advice then, I should not be ill now. (从句表过去，主句表现在）4）从句中的虚拟语气）从句中的虚拟语气 1) it is + 形容词形容词+ that +(should) + do 它的被动态为：should be done It is
11、 important that the plan should be worked out today. 计划要今天做出来，这很重要。 It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。1)necessary, important, essential, crucial, vital, desirable 2) 下列名词名词/动词动词+should+ do 被动态为：should + be done 名名词词:advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation, dema
12、nd, request, requirement, order, instruction, decision, determination, plan 动动 词词 : advise, suggest, propose, requested, recommend, demand, require 我的建议是推迟会议。 My suggestion is that the meeting should be postponed. I suggested that the meeting should be postponed. 3）在 would rather后面的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词形式如下
13、表：我宁愿我宁愿I would rather you _ me Suki. (call)I would rather you _that. (从没做过）I would rather they _ tomorrow. (come)从句表示从句表示从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式现在的意愿 did (过去式）过去的意愿had done （过去分词）将来的意愿did (过去式） 4) wish, if only 引导的从句 我希望，但愿我希望，但愿 要是要是 as if, as though 引导的状语从句 仿佛，就像仿佛，就像 从句表示从句表示从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式现在的愿望或情况did
14、 (过去式）过去的愿望或情况had done （过去分词）将来的愿望或情况would/should/could/might+do 我希望和你一样帅。(现在虚拟) I wish I were as handsome as you. 我真希望将来能讲流利的英语。(将来虚拟) I wish I could speak fluent English in the future. 要是信及时到就好了。(过去虚拟) If only the letter had arrived in time. 这本书看上去像是新的。 This book looks as if it were new. 相关真题与解析1.
15、 _ last Friday, he would have got to Paris.A. Would he leave B. Had he left C. If he is to leave D. If he was leaving解析：根据这个句子的上下文，可以判断这个一个省略if的条件状语从句，而且后半句时态用would +现在完成时，那么前部分应该用过去完成时，故选B。2. Peter _ the drivers test, but he wasnt calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must ha
16、ve passed C. have passed D. ought to have passed解析：这句前半部分要用虚拟是根据后半部分的连接词but表示转折体现出来的，而且是过去已经发生的事情，因此选A。3. I could have called you yesterday, but I _ your telephone number. A. didnt have B. wont have C. hadnt have D. wouldnt have解析：本句前部分是对过去已经发生事情的虚拟，因此用过去完成时；而后半句是阐述事实，是真实情况，且事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时。答案为A。全部
17、倒装全部倒装 (谓语+主语)当副词In, on, out, up, down, away, here, there 等位于句首时 There goes the bell.Out rushed the girl.In came a woman.Away flew the bird.但主语为代词时则不倒装Here it is.Away they went. 部分倒装(助动词+主语+谓语) Only+状语位于句首Only then did I realize I was wrong.当hardly, not, no ,never, little, neither, nor, seldom 位于句首作
18、状语时Not until I see it with my own eyes do I believe it.当so, such位于句首时，例如：I like music, so does she.当as引导让步状语从句时，例如：Young as he is, he knows more than you.当not only 位于句首时，如：Not only did he like reading stories, but also he could even write some.6. 以 so/suchthat开头的句子的倒装So dense was the fog that the sh
19、ip had to stop sailing. So embarrassed did he feel that he flushed. So rapidly did he speak that nobody could hear. 7. only 引导的状语（短语或从句）位于句首时引起的局部倒装 只有这样，我们才能学好外语。Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well. Only when you lose your health do you realize its value. 8. 表示否定的词语位于句首引起的倒装 In no
20、 circumstance can the students hand in their assignments via e-mail after Friday. Not a word would he say. Not until a week ago did I know his address. Little do I know about this place. By no means should we look down upon the poor. never, nor, not, few, little, rarely, seldom, nowhere, not until,
21、not only but also, no longer, no sooner than; hardly/scarcely / barelywhen; at no time, by no means, in on case, in no way, on no account, on condition, in no circumstance . 9. 在含有were, had, should 的虚拟语气条件句中，可省略if 而把这些动词前置形成倒装。 Were there no air (if there were no air), we could not live. Had you worked carefully (if you had worked carefully), you would not have made so many mistakes. Should it rain tomorrow (if it should rain tomorrow), the match would be put off.
